我国资源型城市的可持续发展评价
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摘要
随着经济的高速增长,资源消耗加速,环境污染加剧,如何实现资源型城市的可持续发展备受关注。本文以我国资源型地级市为例,通过理论分析法、文献研究法、频数统计法构建资源型城市可持续发展指标体系,基于层次分析法建立资源型城市可持续发展的评价模型。根据115个资源型地级市2005-2015年的面板数据,研究我国资源型城市的可持续发展状况。结果表明:可持续发展状况较好的城市主要分布在东北地区以及中东部地区。可持续发展水平由高到低依次为西北地区、华北地区、东北地区、华中地区、华东地区、西南地区和华南地区。再生型城市的平均可持续发展得分最高,衰退型城市可持续发展得分最低。铁矿资源城市可持续发展得分最高,其次是油气资源城市。相对于其他层次,资源层可持续发展的程度较高,环境层最低。最后根据测度结果,本文提出资源型城市应加大对环境的保护力度,适时开发资源并进行产业转型,避免陷入资源、环境与社会的恶性循环。
With the rapid growth of economy, the accelerated consumption of resources and the aggravation of environmental pollution, it has gotten a lot of attention that how to realize the sustainable development of resource-based cities. Based on the resource-based cities in China as an example, research approaches of theoretical analysis, literature survey and frequency statistics have been used to establish a sustainable development indicator system of resource-based cities. A evaluation model for the sustainable development of resource-based cities has been structured based on the analytic hierarchy process. Using the panel data of 115 resource-based cities at China's prefectural level over the period 2005-2015, this paper investigates the sustainable development of resource-based cities in China. The results show that the cities with good sustainable development status are mainly distributed in northeast regions as well as the central and eastern regions. The sustainable development level changes from high to low is the Northwest China, North China, Northeast China, Central China, East China, Southwest China and South China. The average sustainable development score of regenerative cities is the highest, while that of recessionary cities is the lowest. Iron ore resources cities have the highest sustainable development scores, followed by oil and gas resources cities. Compared with other levels, the resource level has a higher degree of sustainable development and the environmental level has the lowest level. Finally, according to the result of measure, this paper proposes that resource-based cities should enlarge protection environment dynamics, develop resources and transform industries in a timely manner, to aviod falling into a vicious circle of resources, environment and society.
With the rapid growth of economy, the accelerated consumption of resources and the aggravation of environmental pollution, it has gotten a lot of attention that how to realize the sustainable development of resource-based cities. Based on the resource-based cities in China as an example, research approaches of theoretical analysis, literature survey and frequency statistics have been used to establish a sustainable development indicator system of resource-based cities. A evaluation model for the sustainable development of resource-based cities has been structured based on the analytic hierarchy process. Using the panel data of 115 resource-based cities at China's prefectural level over the period 2005-2015, this paper investigates the sustainable development of resource-based cities in China. The results show that the cities with good sustainable development status are mainly distributed in northeast regions as well as the central and eastern regions. The sustainable development level changes from high to low is the Northwest China, North China, Northeast China, Central China, East China, Southwest China and South China. The average sustainable development score of regenerative cities is the highest, while that of recessionary cities is the lowest. Iron ore resources cities have the highest sustainable development scores, followed by oil and gas resources cities. Compared with other levels, the resource level has a higher degree of sustainable development and the environmental level has the lowest level. Finally, according to the result of measure, this paper proposes that resource-based cities should enlarge protection environment dynamics, develop resources and transform industries in a timely manner, to aviod falling into a vicious circle of resources, environment and society.
引文
[1]方创琳，刘彦随.河西地区生态重建与经济可持续发展战略研究[J].地球科学进展，2001,(02):251-256.
[2]范德清，侯世昌，韩铁成.重大生态战略保护区──长白山地区可持续发展研究[J].科技导报，1997,(03):47-50.
[3]李雪松，龙湘雪，齐晓旭.长江经济带城市经济-社会-环境耦合协调发展的动态演化与分析[J].长江流域资源与环境，2019,28(03):505-516.
[4]鹿晨昱，张琳，薛冰，张子龙，李恒吉，逯承鹏.辽宁省区域可持续发展时空综合测度研究[J].经济地理，2015,35(08):32-39.
[5]毛汉英.山东省可持续发展指标体系初步研究[J].地理研究，1996,(04):16-23.
[6]牛文元.中国21世纪“可持续发展”的预测[J].中国科学院院刊，1995,(02):150-157.
[7]檀菲菲，张萌，李浩然，陆兆华.基于集对分析的京津冀区域可持续发展协调能力评价[J].生态学报，2014,34(11):3090-3098.
[8]杨多贵，牛文元，陈劭锋.北京市与上海市可持续发展能力对比研究[J].上海经济研究，2000,(11):28-33.
[9]曾贤刚，段存儒.煤炭资源枯竭型城市绿色转型绩效评价与区域差异研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境，2018,28(07):127-135.
[10]张志强，程国栋，徐中民.可持续发展评估指标、方法及应用研究[J].冰川冻土，2002,(04):344-360.
[11]张宏军，高志刚.基于可持续发展能力评价的资源性城市产业转型研究——以新疆克拉玛依市为例[J].干旱区地理，2005,(03):409-413.
[12]张秦，李笑春.区域可持续发展能力评价研究——以内蒙古鄂尔多斯市为例[J].内蒙古社会科学（汉文版），2013,34(05):104-108.
[13] Ress, W. E. Ecological Footprint and Appropriated Carrying Capacity:What Urban Economics Leaves Out[J]. Environment and Urbanization, 1992, 4(2):121-130.
[14] Thore, K. H."The Green Poster"A Method to Evaluate the Sustainability of the Urban Green Structure[J].Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2000, 20(3):359-371.
[15] Osti, G. Participation, Learning and Sustainability:Emerging Challenges for Agricultural Development[J].Bioscience, 1996,(18):80-82
(1)资料来源于联合国可持续发展峰会发布的《变革我们的世界：2030议程》。
(1)资料来源于首届可持续发展大会发布的《可持续城市与社区评价标准、管理体系、实施纲要》。
(1)限于篇幅，指标频数详情表感兴趣者可与编辑部或作者联系。
(1)根据《全国资源型城市可持续发展规划（2013-2020年）》，共计126个资源型地级市，由于个别地级市相关变量的数据缺失严重，去除延边朝鲜族自治州、大兴安岭地区、阿坝藏族羌族自治州、凉山彝族自治州、毕节市、黔南布依族苗族自治州、黔西南布依族苗族自治州、楚雄彝族自治州、海西蒙古族藏族自治州、巴音郭楞蒙古自治州、阿勒泰地区。因此本文研究除这些地级市以外的115个资源型地级市。
(1)详细结果，感兴趣者可以与作者或编辑部联系。
(1)华东地区包括山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、福建、上海；华南地区包括广东、广西、海南；华中地区包括湖北、湖南、河南、江西；华北地区包括北京、天津、河北、山西、内蒙古；西北地区包括宁夏、新疆、青海、陕西、甘肃；西南地区包括四川、云南、贵州、西藏、重庆；东北地区包括辽宁、吉林、黑龙江。
[2]范德清，侯世昌，韩铁成.重大生态战略保护区──长白山地区可持续发展研究[J].科技导报，1997,(03):47-50.
[3]李雪松，龙湘雪，齐晓旭.长江经济带城市经济-社会-环境耦合协调发展的动态演化与分析[J].长江流域资源与环境，2019,28(03):505-516.
[4]鹿晨昱，张琳，薛冰，张子龙，李恒吉，逯承鹏.辽宁省区域可持续发展时空综合测度研究[J].经济地理，2015,35(08):32-39.
[5]毛汉英.山东省可持续发展指标体系初步研究[J].地理研究，1996,(04):16-23.
[6]牛文元.中国21世纪“可持续发展”的预测[J].中国科学院院刊，1995,(02):150-157.
[7]檀菲菲，张萌，李浩然，陆兆华.基于集对分析的京津冀区域可持续发展协调能力评价[J].生态学报，2014,34(11):3090-3098.
[8]杨多贵，牛文元，陈劭锋.北京市与上海市可持续发展能力对比研究[J].上海经济研究，2000,(11):28-33.
[9]曾贤刚，段存儒.煤炭资源枯竭型城市绿色转型绩效评价与区域差异研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境，2018,28(07):127-135.
[10]张志强，程国栋，徐中民.可持续发展评估指标、方法及应用研究[J].冰川冻土，2002,(04):344-360.
[11]张宏军，高志刚.基于可持续发展能力评价的资源性城市产业转型研究——以新疆克拉玛依市为例[J].干旱区地理，2005,(03):409-413.
[12]张秦，李笑春.区域可持续发展能力评价研究——以内蒙古鄂尔多斯市为例[J].内蒙古社会科学（汉文版），2013,34(05):104-108.
[13] Ress, W. E. Ecological Footprint and Appropriated Carrying Capacity:What Urban Economics Leaves Out[J]. Environment and Urbanization, 1992, 4(2):121-130.
[14] Thore, K. H."The Green Poster"A Method to Evaluate the Sustainability of the Urban Green Structure[J].Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 2000, 20(3):359-371.
[15] Osti, G. Participation, Learning and Sustainability:Emerging Challenges for Agricultural Development[J].Bioscience, 1996,(18):80-82
(1)资料来源于联合国可持续发展峰会发布的《变革我们的世界：2030议程》。
(1)资料来源于首届可持续发展大会发布的《可持续城市与社区评价标准、管理体系、实施纲要》。
(1)限于篇幅，指标频数详情表感兴趣者可与编辑部或作者联系。
(1)根据《全国资源型城市可持续发展规划（2013-2020年）》，共计126个资源型地级市，由于个别地级市相关变量的数据缺失严重，去除延边朝鲜族自治州、大兴安岭地区、阿坝藏族羌族自治州、凉山彝族自治州、毕节市、黔南布依族苗族自治州、黔西南布依族苗族自治州、楚雄彝族自治州、海西蒙古族藏族自治州、巴音郭楞蒙古自治州、阿勒泰地区。因此本文研究除这些地级市以外的115个资源型地级市。
(1)详细结果，感兴趣者可以与作者或编辑部联系。
(1)华东地区包括山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、福建、上海；华南地区包括广东、广西、海南；华中地区包括湖北、湖南、河南、江西；华北地区包括北京、天津、河北、山西、内蒙古；西北地区包括宁夏、新疆、青海、陕西、甘肃；西南地区包括四川、云南、贵州、西藏、重庆；东北地区包括辽宁、吉林、黑龙江。