烤烟油菜轮作与施肥对植烟土壤磷素含量及有效性的影响
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摘要
【目的】探究烤烟油菜轮作与施肥对土壤磷素含量及有效性的影响,以期为优化种植制度,提高土壤磷素有效性提供科学依据。【方法】通过大田试验,采用双因素裂区设计,测定各处理下烤烟不同生长时期土壤全磷、有效磷及酸性磷酸酶活性。【结果】相比烤烟连作,烤烟油菜轮作能显著提高土壤中全磷、有效磷含量及酸性磷酸酶活性,以重蓉油1号(A2)效果最显著。此外,单施化肥(NPK)、有机肥化肥配施(NPKM)处理土壤全磷含量在整个烤烟季均显著高于不施肥(CK),有效磷含量均表现为NPKM> NPK> CK。而土壤酸性磷酸酶活性在烤烟生长前期表现为NPKM、NPK处理显著高于CK,但到成熟期时NPK较CK的差异减弱,未达到显著水平。相关性分析表明,酸性磷酸酶与有效磷和磷素活化系数(PAC)呈极显著正相关关系。【结论】重蓉油1号油菜与烤烟轮作和有机肥化肥配施时土壤磷素含量和有效性较高,是当地较优的种植模式。
【Objective】The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tobacco-rape rotation and fer tilization on phosphorus content and availability of tobacco soil,and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing cropping system and increasing soil phosphorus availability.【Method】Through field experiments,the two-factor split-zone test design was used to determine soil total phosphorus,Olsen-P,and acid phosphatase activity in different growth stages of flue-cured tobacco.【Result】Compared with fluecured tobacco continuous cropping,the tobacco-rape rotation can significantly increased soil total phosphorus,Olsen-P and acid phosphatase activity,and the effect of chongrongyou 1(A2) was particularly significant. In addition,the total phosphorus content of inorganic fertilizer application(NPK) and organic and inorganic fertilizers application(NPKM) treatment was significantly higher than that of non-fertilizer(CK)in the whole flue-cured tobacco season. The Olsen-P content followed an order of NPKM>NPK>CK. The activity of acid phosphatase of NPKM and NPK treatments was significantly higher than that of CK in the early stage of flue-cured tobacco. However,no significant difference between NPK and CK was observed in the mature period. Correlation analysis showed that acid phosphatase had a significant positive correlation with Olsen-P and phosphorus activation coefficient(PAC).【Conclusion】The soil phosphorus content and availability were relatively high when Chongrongyou 1 rape combined with flue-cured tobacco rotation and organic and inorganic fertilizers application,which is a good local planting system.
【Objective】The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of tobacco-rape rotation and fer tilization on phosphorus content and availability of tobacco soil,and to provide a scientific basis for optimizing cropping system and increasing soil phosphorus availability.【Method】Through field experiments,the two-factor split-zone test design was used to determine soil total phosphorus,Olsen-P,and acid phosphatase activity in different growth stages of flue-cured tobacco.【Result】Compared with fluecured tobacco continuous cropping,the tobacco-rape rotation can significantly increased soil total phosphorus,Olsen-P and acid phosphatase activity,and the effect of chongrongyou 1(A2) was particularly significant. In addition,the total phosphorus content of inorganic fertilizer application(NPK) and organic and inorganic fertilizers application(NPKM) treatment was significantly higher than that of non-fertilizer(CK)in the whole flue-cured tobacco season. The Olsen-P content followed an order of NPKM>NPK>CK. The activity of acid phosphatase of NPKM and NPK treatments was significantly higher than that of CK in the early stage of flue-cured tobacco. However,no significant difference between NPK and CK was observed in the mature period. Correlation analysis showed that acid phosphatase had a significant positive correlation with Olsen-P and phosphorus activation coefficient(PAC).【Conclusion】The soil phosphorus content and availability were relatively high when Chongrongyou 1 rape combined with flue-cured tobacco rotation and organic and inorganic fertilizers application,which is a good local planting system.
引文
[1]杨甲华，余佳玲.烟草连作障碍因子及其解决途径研究进展[J].湖南农业科学，2016(8):113-116.
[2]唐彪，张锡洲，阳显斌.烟蒜轮作与套作对烤烟产量及根际土壤磷组分的影响[J].应用生态学报，2015,26(7):1977-1984.
[3]凌天孝，于晓娜，李志鹏，等.生物炭与化肥配施对土壤特性及烤烟品质和经济性状的影响[J].土壤通报，2016,47(6):1425-1432.
[4]曹景林，程君奇，李亚培，等.从品种角度试论提高中国烤烟质量的途径[J].中国农学通报，2015,31(22):75-87.
[5]王家顺，李志友，陆引罡.不同轮作方式对烤烟生长发育和品质的影响[J].河南农业科学，2015,44(9):25-27.
[6]贾志红，易建华，苏以荣，等.烟区轮作与连作土壤细菌群落多样性比较[J].生态环境学报，2010,19(7):1578-1585.
[7]方树民，唐莉娜，陈顺辉，等.作物轮作对土壤中烟草青枯菌数量及发病的影响[J].中国生态农业学报，2011,19(2):377-382.
[8]武盼盼，刘书武，朱毅，等.不同施肥措施对酸性植烟土壤酶活性及微生物的影响[J].中国农学通报，2017,33(30):103-110.
[9]杨宇虹，陈冬梅，晋艳，等.不同肥料种类对连作烟草根际土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].作物学报，2011,37(1):105-111.
[10]CHRYSARGYRIS A,PANAYIOTOU C,TZORTZAKIS N.Nitrogen and phosphorus levels affected plant growth,essential oil composition and antioxidant status of lavender plant(Lavandula angustifolia Mill).[J].Industrial Crops&Products,2016(83):577-586.
[11]杨瑞珍，陈印军，肖碧林.西南地区耕地质量下降的深层原因及政策建议[J].中国农学通报，2009,25(22):286-290.
[12]王文华，周鑫斌.不同磷效率油菜根际土壤磷活化机理研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报，2011,17(6):1379-1387.
[13]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析[M].北京：中国农业科技出版社，2000.
[14]SARDANS J,PENUELAS J.Drought decreases soil enzyme activity in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex L.fores[tJ].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2005,37(3):455-461.
[15]鲁艳红，廖育林，聂军，等.长期施肥红壤性水稻土磷素演变特征及对磷盈亏的响应[J].土壤学报，2017,54(6):1471-1485.
[16]赵均嵘.杉木林生态系统转换对土壤磷形态的影响及其机制[D].福州：福建农林大学，2012.
[17]ZHANG S,HUFFMAN T,ZHANG X,et al.Spatial distribution of soil nutrient at depth in black soil of Northeast China:a case study of soil available phosphorus and total phosphorus[J].Journal of Soils&Sediments,2014,14(11):1775-1789.
[18]梁佳辉，张少良，穆林林，等.东北典型黑土区坡面土壤有效磷空间分布规律[J].水土保持研究，2017,24(1):90-95.
[19]贾兴永，李菊梅.土壤磷有效性及其与土壤性质关系的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料，2011(6):76-82.
[20]李清华，王飞，林诚，等.水旱轮作对冷浸田土壤碳、氮、磷养分活化的影响[J].水土保持学报，2015,29(6):113-117.
[21]张继光，申国明，张久权，等.烟草连作障碍研究进展[J].中国烟草科学，2011,32(3):95-99.
[22]王婷婷，王俊，赵牧秋，等.有机肥对设施菜地土壤磷素状况的影响[J].土壤通报，2011,42(1):132-135.
[23]张建军，党翼，赵刚，等.不同用量有机肥对陇东旱塬黑垆土磷素形态转化及有效性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料，2016(2):32-38.
[24]温广蝉，叶正钱，王旭东，等.菌渣还田对稻田土壤养分动态变化的影响[J].水土保持学报，2012,26(3):82-86.
[25]REJM hNKOV h E,SIROV h D,CARLSON E.Patterns of activities of root phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase in wetland plants as a function of macrophyte species and ambient phosphorus regime[J].New Phytologist,2011,190(4):968-976.
[26]姜桂英，黄绍敏，郭斗斗.不同耕作和轮作方式下作物生育期内土壤酶活性的动态变化特征[J].河南农业大学学报，2009,43(3):335-342.
[27]尤垂淮.不同耕作措施对消减烟草连作障碍的作用机制研究[D].福州：福建农林大学，2012.
[28]贾健，朱金峰，杜修智，等.不同种植模式对土壤酶、烤烟生长及烟叶致香成分的影响[J].中国农业科技导报，2016,18(3):141-149.
[29]汪林，周冀衡，何伟，等.不同施肥措施对植烟土壤酶活性和供肥能力的影响[J].土壤，2012,44(2):302-307.
[30]高艳娜，戚志伟，仲启铖，等.长江口芦苇湿地土壤酶活性对长期模拟升温的响应[J].应用与环境生物学报，2017(3):535-541.
[2]唐彪，张锡洲，阳显斌.烟蒜轮作与套作对烤烟产量及根际土壤磷组分的影响[J].应用生态学报，2015,26(7):1977-1984.
[3]凌天孝，于晓娜，李志鹏，等.生物炭与化肥配施对土壤特性及烤烟品质和经济性状的影响[J].土壤通报，2016,47(6):1425-1432.
[4]曹景林，程君奇，李亚培，等.从品种角度试论提高中国烤烟质量的途径[J].中国农学通报，2015,31(22):75-87.
[5]王家顺，李志友，陆引罡.不同轮作方式对烤烟生长发育和品质的影响[J].河南农业科学，2015,44(9):25-27.
[6]贾志红，易建华，苏以荣，等.烟区轮作与连作土壤细菌群落多样性比较[J].生态环境学报，2010,19(7):1578-1585.
[7]方树民，唐莉娜，陈顺辉，等.作物轮作对土壤中烟草青枯菌数量及发病的影响[J].中国生态农业学报，2011,19(2):377-382.
[8]武盼盼，刘书武，朱毅，等.不同施肥措施对酸性植烟土壤酶活性及微生物的影响[J].中国农学通报，2017,33(30):103-110.
[9]杨宇虹，陈冬梅，晋艳，等.不同肥料种类对连作烟草根际土壤微生物功能多样性的影响[J].作物学报，2011,37(1):105-111.
[10]CHRYSARGYRIS A,PANAYIOTOU C,TZORTZAKIS N.Nitrogen and phosphorus levels affected plant growth,essential oil composition and antioxidant status of lavender plant(Lavandula angustifolia Mill).[J].Industrial Crops&Products,2016(83):577-586.
[11]杨瑞珍，陈印军，肖碧林.西南地区耕地质量下降的深层原因及政策建议[J].中国农学通报，2009,25(22):286-290.
[12]王文华，周鑫斌.不同磷效率油菜根际土壤磷活化机理研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报，2011,17(6):1379-1387.
[13]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析[M].北京：中国农业科技出版社，2000.
[14]SARDANS J,PENUELAS J.Drought decreases soil enzyme activity in a Mediterranean Quercus ilex L.fores[tJ].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2005,37(3):455-461.
[15]鲁艳红，廖育林，聂军，等.长期施肥红壤性水稻土磷素演变特征及对磷盈亏的响应[J].土壤学报，2017,54(6):1471-1485.
[16]赵均嵘.杉木林生态系统转换对土壤磷形态的影响及其机制[D].福州：福建农林大学，2012.
[17]ZHANG S,HUFFMAN T,ZHANG X,et al.Spatial distribution of soil nutrient at depth in black soil of Northeast China:a case study of soil available phosphorus and total phosphorus[J].Journal of Soils&Sediments,2014,14(11):1775-1789.
[18]梁佳辉，张少良，穆林林，等.东北典型黑土区坡面土壤有效磷空间分布规律[J].水土保持研究，2017,24(1):90-95.
[19]贾兴永，李菊梅.土壤磷有效性及其与土壤性质关系的研究[J].中国土壤与肥料，2011(6):76-82.
[20]李清华，王飞，林诚，等.水旱轮作对冷浸田土壤碳、氮、磷养分活化的影响[J].水土保持学报，2015,29(6):113-117.
[21]张继光，申国明，张久权，等.烟草连作障碍研究进展[J].中国烟草科学，2011,32(3):95-99.
[22]王婷婷，王俊，赵牧秋，等.有机肥对设施菜地土壤磷素状况的影响[J].土壤通报，2011,42(1):132-135.
[23]张建军，党翼，赵刚，等.不同用量有机肥对陇东旱塬黑垆土磷素形态转化及有效性的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料，2016(2):32-38.
[24]温广蝉，叶正钱，王旭东，等.菌渣还田对稻田土壤养分动态变化的影响[J].水土保持学报，2012,26(3):82-86.
[25]REJM hNKOV h E,SIROV h D,CARLSON E.Patterns of activities of root phosphomonoesterase and phosphodiesterase in wetland plants as a function of macrophyte species and ambient phosphorus regime[J].New Phytologist,2011,190(4):968-976.
[26]姜桂英，黄绍敏，郭斗斗.不同耕作和轮作方式下作物生育期内土壤酶活性的动态变化特征[J].河南农业大学学报，2009,43(3):335-342.
[27]尤垂淮.不同耕作措施对消减烟草连作障碍的作用机制研究[D].福州：福建农林大学，2012.
[28]贾健，朱金峰，杜修智，等.不同种植模式对土壤酶、烤烟生长及烟叶致香成分的影响[J].中国农业科技导报，2016,18(3):141-149.
[29]汪林，周冀衡，何伟，等.不同施肥措施对植烟土壤酶活性和供肥能力的影响[J].土壤，2012,44(2):302-307.
[30]高艳娜，戚志伟，仲启铖，等.长江口芦苇湿地土壤酶活性对长期模拟升温的响应[J].应用与环境生物学报，2017(3):535-541.
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