新时代发展观:中国及人类进程视域下的生态文明观
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摘要
探索中国乃至人类发展观的演进规律,由此论证中国新时代的发展观——生态文明发展观,并为生态文明建设提供理论支撑。根据系统科学和生态文明理论,运用系统分析与系统综合方法,从中国治国历程和人类文明史两个视域的多条轨线,梳理发展观的演进脉络和规律,并揭示生态文明发展观的深刻内涵。从治国历程来看,我国发展观的演进符合系统论的观点,遵循从政治系统、经济系统、社会系统直至自然系统逐层拓展的逻辑顺序,经历了政治发展观、经济发展观、社会发展观和生态文明发展观四个阶段。从人类文明史来看,通过对原始文明、农业文明、传统工业文明、新工业文明和生态文明等时期的发展观进行梳理,发现其包含多维度的演进规律。在认识观维度,经历了敬畏自然观、改造自然观、征服自然观、尊重自然观和"天人合一"观等演进过程。在共生观维度,经历了生态依赖观、产业拓展观、产业强利观、生态弱害观、绿色共生观等演进过程。在科学观维度,经历了天然和人工生物文明观、天然和人工化学文明观、天然和人工物理文明观、天然和人工超生物文明观等演进过程。在产业观维度,经历了采猎文明观、农耕文明观、粗放工业文明观(对应于简单线性经济模式)、集约工业文明观(对应于末端治理经济模式)、防病式和健康式后工业文明观(分别对应于循环经济和超循环经济模式)等演进过程。上述对中国和人类发展观演进规律的研究,得出了殊途同归的共同结论:生态文明发展观是当今和未来的新发展观。由此得到生态文明发展观的全面和深刻的内涵:从多层次系统构成的角度看,它包含生态政治文明观、生态经济文明观、生态社会文明观和生态环境文明观等内涵;从多维度观念构成的角度看,它包含"天人合一"的认识观、从浅绿到深绿的共生观、从天然到人工超生物文明的科学观、从防病式到健康式后工业文明的产业观等内涵。本研究从中国发展观的多层次系统拓展和人类发展观的多维度观念更递两方面的规律,探索了中国新时代生态文明建设的目标、内涵和路径。
The evolution laws of development ideologies of China and mankind are explored to demonstrate that the development ideology in the new era of China is the development ideology of ecological civilization,and to provide theoretical support for ecological civilization construction. According to system science and the theory of ecological civilization,the evolution tracks and its laws of development ideologies are studied from two viewsheds and multiple trajectories of Chinese governance course and human civilization history with the methods of system analysis and system synthesis. So the profound connotation of the development ideology of ecological civilization is revealed. In the viewshed of Chinese governance course,the evolution of development ideology in China conforms to the standpoint of system theory. The evolution process of Chinese development ideology has experienced four stages that are ideologies of politics,economy,society and ecological civilization. The systems concerned in each development ideology expand layer by layer following the logic sequence of politics system,economy system,society system,and up to nature system. In the viewshed of human civilization history,multidimensional evolution laws of development ideologies are discovered by studying development ideologies of primitive civilization,agricultural civilization,traditional industrial civilization,new industrial civilization,and ecological civilization.In the dimension of epistemological ideology,the evolution process contains successively the ideologies of revering nature,remaking nature,conquering nature,respecting nature,and harmony between man and nature. In the dimension of symbiotic ideology,the evolution process contains successively the ideologies of dependence on ecosystem,expansion of industry,increased gains for industry,decreased destruction for ecosystem,and green symbiosis. In the dimension of scientific ideology,the evolution process contains successively the ideologies of natural and artificial biological civilization,natural and artificial chemical civilization,natural and artificial physical civilization,and natural and artificial super-biological civilization. In the dimension of industrial ideology,the evolution process successively contains the ideologies of picking-hunting civilization,agricultural civilization,extensive industrial civilization( corresponding to simple linear economy mode),intensive industrial civilization( corresponding to end-treatment economy mode),post-industrial civilization including disease prevention stage( corresponding to circular economy mode) and health stage( corresponding to hypercycal economy mode). Consequently,a common conclusion is obtained from the above different evolution paths of development ideologies of China and mankind that the ideology of ecological civilization is a new development ideology at present and in the future. So the comprehensive and profound connotation of ecological civilization ideology is obtained as follows. From the perspective of multi-layered system constitution, it includes the ideology of ecological politics civilization, ecological economy civilization,ecological society civilization,and ecological environment civilization. And from the perspective of multidimensional ideology constitution,it includes the epistemological ideology of harmony between man and nature,the symbiotic ideology of light green and dark green,the scientific ideology of natural and artificial super-biological civilization,the industrial ideology of disease-prevention and healthy post-industrial civilization. This research achievement indicates the objectives,connotation and path for Chinese ecological civilization construction in the new era in two aspects including laws of multi-layered system expansion of China development ideology and multidimensional concept renewal of mankind development ideology.
The evolution laws of development ideologies of China and mankind are explored to demonstrate that the development ideology in the new era of China is the development ideology of ecological civilization,and to provide theoretical support for ecological civilization construction. According to system science and the theory of ecological civilization,the evolution tracks and its laws of development ideologies are studied from two viewsheds and multiple trajectories of Chinese governance course and human civilization history with the methods of system analysis and system synthesis. So the profound connotation of the development ideology of ecological civilization is revealed. In the viewshed of Chinese governance course,the evolution of development ideology in China conforms to the standpoint of system theory. The evolution process of Chinese development ideology has experienced four stages that are ideologies of politics,economy,society and ecological civilization. The systems concerned in each development ideology expand layer by layer following the logic sequence of politics system,economy system,society system,and up to nature system. In the viewshed of human civilization history,multidimensional evolution laws of development ideologies are discovered by studying development ideologies of primitive civilization,agricultural civilization,traditional industrial civilization,new industrial civilization,and ecological civilization.In the dimension of epistemological ideology,the evolution process contains successively the ideologies of revering nature,remaking nature,conquering nature,respecting nature,and harmony between man and nature. In the dimension of symbiotic ideology,the evolution process contains successively the ideologies of dependence on ecosystem,expansion of industry,increased gains for industry,decreased destruction for ecosystem,and green symbiosis. In the dimension of scientific ideology,the evolution process contains successively the ideologies of natural and artificial biological civilization,natural and artificial chemical civilization,natural and artificial physical civilization,and natural and artificial super-biological civilization. In the dimension of industrial ideology,the evolution process successively contains the ideologies of picking-hunting civilization,agricultural civilization,extensive industrial civilization( corresponding to simple linear economy mode),intensive industrial civilization( corresponding to end-treatment economy mode),post-industrial civilization including disease prevention stage( corresponding to circular economy mode) and health stage( corresponding to hypercycal economy mode). Consequently,a common conclusion is obtained from the above different evolution paths of development ideologies of China and mankind that the ideology of ecological civilization is a new development ideology at present and in the future. So the comprehensive and profound connotation of ecological civilization ideology is obtained as follows. From the perspective of multi-layered system constitution, it includes the ideology of ecological politics civilization, ecological economy civilization,ecological society civilization,and ecological environment civilization. And from the perspective of multidimensional ideology constitution,it includes the epistemological ideology of harmony between man and nature,the symbiotic ideology of light green and dark green,the scientific ideology of natural and artificial super-biological civilization,the industrial ideology of disease-prevention and healthy post-industrial civilization. This research achievement indicates the objectives,connotation and path for Chinese ecological civilization construction in the new era in two aspects including laws of multi-layered system expansion of China development ideology and multidimensional concept renewal of mankind development ideology.
引文
[1]张智光.生态文明:新时代的发展观[N].绿色中国时报,2017-12-05(1,2).
[2]渠爱雪,孟召宜.建国以来我国发展观的演变研究[J].经济师,2005(1):33-35.
[3]刘青.十一届三中全会以来发展观的历史演变[J].中共青岛市委党校(青岛行政学院)学报,2008(11):15-18.
[4]周春明.嬗变与超越:建国以来中国共产党人发展观的历史演变[J].新视野,2009(9):16-19.
[5]朱先平.新时期我国发展观的演变与现代化进程的推进[J].人民论坛,2013(8):158-159,256.
[6]吴永辉,应会琼.当代中国社会主义发展观述评[J].成都教育学院学报,2006,20(9):5-6.
[7]张智光.绿色中国(第三卷):绿色共生模式的运作[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011.
[8]张智光.人类文明与生态安全:共生空间的演化理论[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(7):1-8.
[9]张智光.也谈生态文明建设的认识误区[N].光明日报,2015-08-28(11).
[10]张智光.从产业与生态的共生关系审视生态文明[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(7):108-114.
[11]张智光.面向生态文明的超循环经济:理论、模型与实例[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4549-4561.
[12]GHISELLINI P,CIALANI C,ULGIATI S. A review on circular economy:the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems[J]. Journal of cleaner production,2016,114:11-32.
[13]LIEDER M, RASHID A. Towards circular economy implementation:a comprehensive review in context of manufacturing industry[J]. Journal of cleaner production,2016,115:36-51.
[2]渠爱雪,孟召宜.建国以来我国发展观的演变研究[J].经济师,2005(1):33-35.
[3]刘青.十一届三中全会以来发展观的历史演变[J].中共青岛市委党校(青岛行政学院)学报,2008(11):15-18.
[4]周春明.嬗变与超越:建国以来中国共产党人发展观的历史演变[J].新视野,2009(9):16-19.
[5]朱先平.新时期我国发展观的演变与现代化进程的推进[J].人民论坛,2013(8):158-159,256.
[6]吴永辉,应会琼.当代中国社会主义发展观述评[J].成都教育学院学报,2006,20(9):5-6.
[7]张智光.绿色中国(第三卷):绿色共生模式的运作[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2011.
[8]张智光.人类文明与生态安全:共生空间的演化理论[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2013,23(7):1-8.
[9]张智光.也谈生态文明建设的认识误区[N].光明日报,2015-08-28(11).
[10]张智光.从产业与生态的共生关系审视生态文明[J].中南林业科技大学学报,2014,34(7):108-114.
[11]张智光.面向生态文明的超循环经济:理论、模型与实例[J].生态学报,2017,37(13):4549-4561.
[12]GHISELLINI P,CIALANI C,ULGIATI S. A review on circular economy:the expected transition to a balanced interplay of environmental and economic systems[J]. Journal of cleaner production,2016,114:11-32.
[13]LIEDER M, RASHID A. Towards circular economy implementation:a comprehensive review in context of manufacturing industry[J]. Journal of cleaner production,2016,115:36-51.