核桃土壤养分评价及其与核桃产量的相关性分析
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摘要
【目的】评价新疆叶城县核桃土壤养分有效性,研究其与核桃产量的相关性,分析限制核桃产量养分因子。【方法】在叶城县核桃园采集土壤测定有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、pH和可溶性总盐,进行土壤养分分级,分析各种养分与核桃产量的相关关系。【结果】有机质、速效氮、速效磷都属于中低水平,速效钾属于中等水平,69.7%的土壤pH大于8.5,98.6%的土壤可溶性总盐<2.0 g/kg。有机质、速效钾对核桃产量没有显著影响,速效氮>90 mg/kg时核桃增产13.1%,速效磷>20 mg/kg时核桃增产11.4%,pH>8.5时核桃减产17.1%,可溶性总盐>2.0g/kg时核桃减产15.0%。【结论】叶城县核桃土壤整体处于中低水平,pH值和可溶性总盐对核桃产量影响最大,其次是速效氮和速效磷。
【Objective】 This project aims to evaluate the nutrient availability of walnut soil in Yecheng County, analyze its correlation with the walnut yield and clarify the nutrient factors that limit the yield. 【Method】Soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH and total soluble salt were collected from walnut orchard in Yecheng County, and soil nutrient classification was carried out to analyze the correlation between various nutrients and walnut yield. 【Result】Organic matter, available nitrogen and available phosphorus all belonged to the middle and low levels. Available potassium belonged to the middle level. 69.7% of the soil pH was greater than 8.5, and 98.6% of the total soluble salt of the soil was less than 2.0 g/kg. Organic matter and available potassium had no significant effect on walnut yield. When available nitrogen was > 90 mg/kg, the yield of walnut increased by 13.1%. When the available phosphorus was > 20 mg/kg, the yield of walnut increased by 11.4%. When the pH was > 8.5, the yield of walnut decreased by 17.1%. And when total soluble salt was > 2.0 g/kg, the yield of walnuts was reduced by 15.0%. 【Conclusion】The walnut soil in Yecheng County was at a medium-low level. The pH value and total soluble salt had the greatest impact on walnut yield, followed by available nitrogen and available phosphorus.
【Objective】 This project aims to evaluate the nutrient availability of walnut soil in Yecheng County, analyze its correlation with the walnut yield and clarify the nutrient factors that limit the yield. 【Method】Soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, pH and total soluble salt were collected from walnut orchard in Yecheng County, and soil nutrient classification was carried out to analyze the correlation between various nutrients and walnut yield. 【Result】Organic matter, available nitrogen and available phosphorus all belonged to the middle and low levels. Available potassium belonged to the middle level. 69.7% of the soil pH was greater than 8.5, and 98.6% of the total soluble salt of the soil was less than 2.0 g/kg. Organic matter and available potassium had no significant effect on walnut yield. When available nitrogen was > 90 mg/kg, the yield of walnut increased by 13.1%. When the available phosphorus was > 20 mg/kg, the yield of walnut increased by 11.4%. When the pH was > 8.5, the yield of walnut decreased by 17.1%. And when total soluble salt was > 2.0 g/kg, the yield of walnuts was reduced by 15.0%. 【Conclusion】The walnut soil in Yecheng County was at a medium-low level. The pH value and total soluble salt had the greatest impact on walnut yield, followed by available nitrogen and available phosphorus.
引文
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[11] 张玲,潘存德,赵善超,等.新疆乌什县核桃生产园土壤肥力评价[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(8):1 407-1 418.ZHANG Ling,PAN Cun-de,ZHAO Shan-chao,et al.(2015).Soil Fertility Evaluation of Walnut Orchards in Wushi County,Xinjiang [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,52(8):1,407-1,418.(in Chinese)
[12] 赵映翠,耿增超,陈金海,等.宜君县核桃经济林地土壤养分调查与评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):85-89.ZHAO Ying-cui,GENG Zeng-chao,CHEN Jin-hai,et al.(2015).Investigation and evaluation of soil nutrients of walnut nonwood forestland in Yijun County [J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,33(3):85-89.(in Chinese)
[13] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].(3版).北京:中国农业出版社,2000.Bao Shi-dan.(2000).Soil agrochemical analysis [M].3rd edition.Beijing:China Agricultural Press.(in Chinese)
[14] 马闪闪,赵科理,丁立忠,等.临安市不同山核桃产区土壤肥力状况的差异性研究[J].浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(6):953-960.MA Shan-shan,ZHAO Ke-li,DING Li-zhong,et al.(2016).Soil fertility in Carya cathayensis orchards for major towns of Lin'an City,China [J].Journal of Zhejiang A & F University,33(6):953-960.(in Chinese)
[15] 陈婵婵,肖斌,余有本,等.陕南茶园土壤有机质和 pH 值空间变异及其与速效养分的相关性[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2009,37(1):182-188.CHEN Chan-chan,XIAO Bin,YU You-ben,et al.( 2009).Spatial variability of soil organic matter and pH and the correlation to available nutrients in the tea garden of southern Shaanxi [J].Journal of Northwest A & F University:Natural Science Edition,3737(1):182-188.(in Chinese)
[16] 张计峰,梁智,邹耀湘,等.新疆南疆核桃叶缘焦枯病成因分析研究[J].新疆农业科学,2012,49(7):1 261-1 265.ZHANG Ji-feng,LIANG Zhi,ZOU Yao-xiang,et al.( 2012).Study on Causation of Walnut Withered Leaf Symptom in South of Xinjiang [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,49(7):1,261-1,265.(in Chinese)
[2] Dumanski J,Pieri C.(2000).Land quality indicators:research plan [J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,81(2):93-102.
[3] 龙兴桂.现代中国果树栽培:落叶果树卷[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2000.LONG Xing-gui.(2000).Modern Chinese fruit tree cultivation:deciduous fruit tree rolls[M].Beijing:China Forestry Press.(in Chinese)
[4] Bouma J.( 2002).Land quality indicators of sustainable land management across scales[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,88(2):129-136.
[5] Bindraban P S ,Stoorvogel J J ,Jansen D M ,et al.(2000).Land quality indicators for sustainable land management:proposed method for yield gap and soil nutrient balance[J].Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment,81(2):103-112.
[6] Cambardella C A ,Moorman T B ,Andrews S S,et al.2(004).Watershed-scale assessment of soil quality in the loess hills of southwest Iowa[J].Soil & Tillage Research,78(2):237-247.
[7] G Govaerts B,Sayre K D,Deckers J.(2006).A minimum data set for soil quality assessment of wheat and maize cropping in the highlands of Mexico[J].Soil & Tillage Research,87(2):163-174.
[8] 董建华,赵伟明,赵科理,等.基于地质背景的山核桃林地土壤肥力因子分析[J].经济林研究,2018,36(4):52-58.DONG Jian-hua,ZHAO Wei-ming,ZHAO Ke-li,et al.(2018).Factor analysis of soil fertility under different geological background conditions in Carya cathayensis plantation [J].Nonwood Forest Research,36(4):52-58.(in Chinese)
[9] 倪幸,窦春英,丁立忠,等.有机物料对山核桃林地土壤的培肥改良效果[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(5):1 266-1 275.NI Xing,DOU Chun-ying,DING Li-zhong,et al.(2018).Organic materials improved the soil fertility in Carya cathayensis forest lands [J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,24(5):1,266-1,275.(in Chinese)
[10] 张红桔,马闪闪,赵科理,等.山核桃林地土壤肥力状况及其空间分布特征[J].浙江农林大学学报,2018,35(4):664-673.ZHANG Hong-ju,MA Shan-shan,ZHAO Ke-li,et al.((2018).Soil fertility and its spatial distribution for Carya cathayensis stands in Lin'an,Zhejiang Province[J].Journal of Zhejiang A & F University,35(4):664-673.(in Chinese)
[11] 张玲,潘存德,赵善超,等.新疆乌什县核桃生产园土壤肥力评价[J].新疆农业科学,2015,52(8):1 407-1 418.ZHANG Ling,PAN Cun-de,ZHAO Shan-chao,et al.(2015).Soil Fertility Evaluation of Walnut Orchards in Wushi County,Xinjiang [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,52(8):1,407-1,418.(in Chinese)
[12] 赵映翠,耿增超,陈金海,等.宜君县核桃经济林地土壤养分调查与评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(3):85-89.ZHAO Ying-cui,GENG Zeng-chao,CHEN Jin-hai,et al.(2015).Investigation and evaluation of soil nutrients of walnut nonwood forestland in Yijun County [J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,33(3):85-89.(in Chinese)
[13] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].(3版).北京:中国农业出版社,2000.Bao Shi-dan.(2000).Soil agrochemical analysis [M].3rd edition.Beijing:China Agricultural Press.(in Chinese)
[14] 马闪闪,赵科理,丁立忠,等.临安市不同山核桃产区土壤肥力状况的差异性研究[J].浙江农林大学学报,2016,33(6):953-960.MA Shan-shan,ZHAO Ke-li,DING Li-zhong,et al.(2016).Soil fertility in Carya cathayensis orchards for major towns of Lin'an City,China [J].Journal of Zhejiang A & F University,33(6):953-960.(in Chinese)
[15] 陈婵婵,肖斌,余有本,等.陕南茶园土壤有机质和 pH 值空间变异及其与速效养分的相关性[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2009,37(1):182-188.CHEN Chan-chan,XIAO Bin,YU You-ben,et al.( 2009).Spatial variability of soil organic matter and pH and the correlation to available nutrients in the tea garden of southern Shaanxi [J].Journal of Northwest A & F University:Natural Science Edition,3737(1):182-188.(in Chinese)
[16] 张计峰,梁智,邹耀湘,等.新疆南疆核桃叶缘焦枯病成因分析研究[J].新疆农业科学,2012,49(7):1 261-1 265.ZHANG Ji-feng,LIANG Zhi,ZOU Yao-xiang,et al.( 2012).Study on Causation of Walnut Withered Leaf Symptom in South of Xinjiang [J].Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences,49(7):1,261-1,265.(in Chinese)
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