Bt作物秸秆还田对土壤生态系统的影响研究进展
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摘要
随着Bt作物种植面积的逐年增加,人们对Bt作物释放后潜在的安全性也越来越关注。Bt作物释放的Bt蛋白可以主要通过秸秆还田方式进入土壤进而可能会对土壤生态系统造成影响。本文综述了Bt作物秸秆还田释放的Bt蛋白在土壤中的降解及对土壤生态系统影响的研究进展。重点阐述了①Bt作物秸秆还田释放的Bt蛋白在土壤中的降解;②Bt作物秸秆还田对土壤微生物的影响;③Bt作物秸秆还田对土壤动物的影响;④Bt作物秸秆还田对土壤酶活性的影响;⑤Bt作物秸秆还田对土壤养分含量的影响。从而为Bt作物秸秆还田对土壤环境的生态风险评价提供参考。
With the planting area of Bt crops increasing yearly, people pay more attention to potential security about Bt crops. Bt protein released by Bt crops can enter the soil mainly by returning straw to the field, which may affect the soil ecosystem. This paper reviews the progress of the degradation of Bt protein released from Bt crop straw return to soil and its effects on soil ecosystem. It discusses the degradation of Bt protein released from Bt crop straw return to field in soil; the effects of Bt crop straw return to the field on soil microorganisms; the effects of Bt crop straw return to the field on soil animals; the effects of Bt crop straw return to the field on soil enzyme activities; and the effects of Bt crop straw return to the field on soil nutrient content. This can provide a reference for the ecological risk assessment of Bt crops straw return on soil environment.
With the planting area of Bt crops increasing yearly, people pay more attention to potential security about Bt crops. Bt protein released by Bt crops can enter the soil mainly by returning straw to the field, which may affect the soil ecosystem. This paper reviews the progress of the degradation of Bt protein released from Bt crop straw return to soil and its effects on soil ecosystem. It discusses the degradation of Bt protein released from Bt crop straw return to field in soil; the effects of Bt crop straw return to the field on soil microorganisms; the effects of Bt crop straw return to the field on soil animals; the effects of Bt crop straw return to the field on soil enzyme activities; and the effects of Bt crop straw return to the field on soil nutrient content. This can provide a reference for the ecological risk assessment of Bt crops straw return on soil environment.
引文
[1]ISAAA.Global Status of commercialized biotech/GMcrops in 2017:biotech crop adoption surges as economic benefits accumulate in 22 years[M].Ithaca,NY:ISAAABrief No.53,2017
[2]ICOZ I,STOTZKY G.Fate and effects of insect-resistant Bt crops in soil ecosystems[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2008,40(3):559-586.
[3]何艳辉.Bt作物抗性管理与害虫动态发展下的经济效益模型分析[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2014.
[4]魏伟,马克平.转基因与生物安全[J].中国科学院,2016,31(4):405-413.
[5]王建武,冯远娇,骆世明.转基因作物对土壤生态系统的影响[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(4):491-494.
[6]李俊生,关潇,吴刚,等.转基因作物对土壤生态系统影响的研究概况[J].湖北植保,2012,134(6):50-53.
[7]BIRCH A N E,GRIFFITHS B S,CAUL S,et al.The role of laboratory,glasshouse and field scale experiments in understanding the interactions between genetically modified crops and soil ecosystems:a review of the ecogen project[J].Pedobiologia,2007,51(3):251-260.
[8]HANNULA S E,DE BOER W,VAN VEEN J A.Do genetic modifications in crops affect soil fungi?A review[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2014,50(3):433-446.
[9]LEE Zhaolei,BU Naishun,CUI Jun,et al.Effects of long-term cultivation of transgenic Bt rice(Kefeng-6)on soil microbial functioning and C cycling[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):46-47.
[10]LI Zhaolei,CUI Jun,MI Zhaorong,et al.Responses of soil enzymatic activities to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)crops-A global meta-analysis[J].Science of the Total Environment,2019(651):1830-1838.
[11]LI Zhaole,BU Naishun,CHEN Xueping,et al.Soil incubation studies with Cry1Ac protein indicate no adverse effect of Bt crops on soil microbial communities[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018(152):33-41.
[12]王建武,冯远娇,骆世明.Bt玉米秸秆分解对土壤酶活性和土壤肥力的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(3):524-528.
[13]曾萍,冯远娇,张婉纯,等.种植Bt玉米及秸秆还田后土壤中Bt蛋白的变化及其对土壤养分的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(7):1997-2003.
[14]LIU Ting,CHEN Xiaoyun,QI Lin,et al.Root and detritus of transgenic Bt crop did not change nematode abundance and community composition but enhanced trophic connections[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,644:822-829.
[15]SHU Yinghua,ZHANG Yanyan,ZENG Huilan,et al.Effects of Cry1Ab Bt maize straw return on bacterial community of earthworm Eisenia fetida[J].Chemosphere,2017(173):1-13.
[16]王建武,冯远娇,骆世明.Bt玉米抗虫蛋白表达的时空动态及其土壤降解研究[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(11):1279-1286.
[17]KOSKELLA J,STOTZKY G.Microbial utilization of free and clay-bound insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis and their retention of insecticidal activity after incubation with microbes[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1997,63(9):3561-3568.
[18]张运红,黄威,胡红青,等.转Bt基因玉米残体Cry1Ab蛋白在土壤中的残留动态[J].华中农业大学学报,2007,26(4):486-490.
[19]黄威,张运红,陈迪勤,等.Bt蛋白在几种土壤中的降解与残留[J].华中农业大学学报,2009,28(2):169-173.
[20]DUBELMAN S,AYDEN B R,BADER B M,et al.Cry1Ab protein does not persist in soil after 3 years of sustained Bt corn use[J].Environmental Entomology,2005,34(4):915-921.
[21]孙彩霞,陈利军,武志杰,等.Bt杀虫晶体蛋白的土壤残留及其对土壤磷酸酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2004,41(5):761-766.
[22]SIMS S R,REAM J E.Soil inactivation of the Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki CryIIA insecticidal protein within transgenic cotton tissue:laboratory microcosm and field studies[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1997,45(4):1502-1505.
[23]李凡,王敏,孙红炜,等.转Bt基因玉米根际土壤及秸秆残体中Cry1Ab蛋白含量动态[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1907-1913.
[24]王柏凤,范春苗,姜志磊,等.转基因玉米Bt蛋白降解规律及其与土壤动物互作研究[J].玉米科学,2018(5):49-53.
[25]邢珍娟,王振营,何康来,等.转Bt基因玉米幼苗残体中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白田间降解动态[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):412-416.
[26]李云河,张永军,吴孔明,等.转Bt-cry1Ac基因棉花叶片中杀虫蛋白在环境中的降解动态[J].中国农业科学,2005,38:714-718.
[27]张美俊,杨武德.转Bt基因棉粉碎叶、蕾样Bt蛋白降解[J].核农学报,2011,25(1):14-19.
[28]PALM C J,SEIDLER R J,SCHALLER D L,et al.Persistence in soil of transgenic plant produced Bacillus thuringlensis var.kurstakiδ-endotoxin[J].Canadian journal of Microbiology,1996,42(12):1258-1262.
[29]白耀宇,蒋明星,程家安.影响Bt稻离体叶中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白降解的环境因子研究[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(4):721-727.
[30]白耀宇,蒋明星,程家安,等.Bt水稻Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白表达的时间动态及其在水稻土中的降解[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1583-1590.
[31]程苗苗,舒迎花,王建武,等.Bt水稻秸秆还田对赤子爱胜蚓生长发育和生殖的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(11):3667-3674.
[32]XIAO Manqiu,FANG Changming,DONG Shanshan,et al.Litterbag decomposition of residues from Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)rice hybrids and the parental lines under multiple field conditions[J].Journal of Soils Sediments,2014,14:1669-1682.
[33]张燕飞,岳龙,张素芬,等.Bt水稻杀虫蛋白时空变化及秸秆还田后在土壤中的持留规律[J].核农学报,2011,25(4):779-784.
[34]DONEGAN K K,SCHALLER D L,STONE J K,et al.Microbial populations,fungal species diversity and plant pathogen levels in field plots of potato plants expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis var.tenebrionis endotoxin[J].Transgenic Research,1996,5(1):25-35.
[35]SAXENA D,STOTZKY G.Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)toxin released from root exudates and biomass of Bt corn has no apparent effect on earthworms,nematodes,protozoa,bacteria,and fungi in soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33(9):1225-1230.
[36]TAN Fengxiao,WANG Jianwu,FENG Yuanjiao,et al.Bt corn plants and their straw have no apparent impact on soil microbial communities[J].Plant and Soil,2010,329:349-364.
[37]BECKER R,BUBNER B,REMUS R,et al.Impact of multi-resistant transgenic Bt maize on straw decomposition and the involved microbial communities[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,73:9-18.
[38]王沛譞,徐焱,宋亚娜,等.转基因水稻秸秆还田对土壤硝化反硝化微生物群落的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(1):81-85.
[39]MULDER C,WOUTERSE M,RUTGERS M,et al.Transgenic maize containing the Cry1Ab protein ephemerally enhances soil microbial communities[J].AMBIO:A Journal of the Human Environment,2007,36(4):359-361.
[40]王洪兴,陈欣,唐建军,等.转Bt基因水稻秸秆降解对土壤微生物可培养类群的影响[J].生态学报,2002,24(1):89-94.
[41]任馨,吴伟祥,叶庆富,等.转Bt基因克螟稻秸杆对淹水土壤细菌群落的影响[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(5):871-877.
[42]吴伟祥,叶庆富,闵航.不同生长期转Bt基因水稻秸杆还土对淹水土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2003,23(11):2353-2358.
[43]WU Weixiang,YE Qingfu,MIN Hang,et al.Bt-transgenic rice straw affects the culturable microbiota and dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities in a flooded paddy soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36(2):289-295.
[44]徐晓宇,叶庆富,吴伟祥,等.转Bt基因“克螟稻”秸秆还田对稻田厌氧微生物种群和酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(1):63-67.
[45]SCHRADER S,MUNCHENBERG T,BAUMGARTE S,et al.Earthworms of different functional groups affect the fate of the Bt-toxin Cry1Ab from transgenic maize in soil[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2008,44(3):283-289.
[46]ZWAHLEN C,HILBECK A,NENTWIG W.Field decomposition of transgenic Bt maize residue and the impact on non-target soil invertebrates[J].Plant and Soil,2007,300(1):245-257.
[47]SHU Yinghua,MA Honghui,DU Yan,et al.The presence of Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)protein in earthworms Eisenia fetida has no deleterious effects on their growtn and reproduction[J].Chemosphere,2011,85(10):1648-1656.
[48]STOTZKY G.Persistence and biological activity in soil of insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis and of bactetial DNA bound on clays and humic acids[J].Journal Environmental Quality,2000,29(3):691-705.
[49]颜世磊,赵蕾,孙红炜,等.大田环境下转Bt基因玉米对土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(15):4244-4250.
[50]吴伟祥,叶庆富,闵航,等.克螟稻秸秆cry1Ab基因表达产物对土壤生物学活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2003,40(4):606-612.
[51]张占,朱青青,冯远娇,等.Bt水稻秸秆还田对土壤养分含量的影响[J].生态科学,2014,33(5):845-850.
[2]ICOZ I,STOTZKY G.Fate and effects of insect-resistant Bt crops in soil ecosystems[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2008,40(3):559-586.
[3]何艳辉.Bt作物抗性管理与害虫动态发展下的经济效益模型分析[D].西安:陕西师范大学,2014.
[4]魏伟,马克平.转基因与生物安全[J].中国科学院,2016,31(4):405-413.
[5]王建武,冯远娇,骆世明.转基因作物对土壤生态系统的影响[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(4):491-494.
[6]李俊生,关潇,吴刚,等.转基因作物对土壤生态系统影响的研究概况[J].湖北植保,2012,134(6):50-53.
[7]BIRCH A N E,GRIFFITHS B S,CAUL S,et al.The role of laboratory,glasshouse and field scale experiments in understanding the interactions between genetically modified crops and soil ecosystems:a review of the ecogen project[J].Pedobiologia,2007,51(3):251-260.
[8]HANNULA S E,DE BOER W,VAN VEEN J A.Do genetic modifications in crops affect soil fungi?A review[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2014,50(3):433-446.
[9]LEE Zhaolei,BU Naishun,CUI Jun,et al.Effects of long-term cultivation of transgenic Bt rice(Kefeng-6)on soil microbial functioning and C cycling[J].Scientific Reports,2017,7(1):46-47.
[10]LI Zhaolei,CUI Jun,MI Zhaorong,et al.Responses of soil enzymatic activities to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)crops-A global meta-analysis[J].Science of the Total Environment,2019(651):1830-1838.
[11]LI Zhaole,BU Naishun,CHEN Xueping,et al.Soil incubation studies with Cry1Ac protein indicate no adverse effect of Bt crops on soil microbial communities[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2018(152):33-41.
[12]王建武,冯远娇,骆世明.Bt玉米秸秆分解对土壤酶活性和土壤肥力的影响[J].应用生态学报,2005,16(3):524-528.
[13]曾萍,冯远娇,张婉纯,等.种植Bt玉米及秸秆还田后土壤中Bt蛋白的变化及其对土壤养分的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014,25(7):1997-2003.
[14]LIU Ting,CHEN Xiaoyun,QI Lin,et al.Root and detritus of transgenic Bt crop did not change nematode abundance and community composition but enhanced trophic connections[J].Science of the Total Environment,2018,644:822-829.
[15]SHU Yinghua,ZHANG Yanyan,ZENG Huilan,et al.Effects of Cry1Ab Bt maize straw return on bacterial community of earthworm Eisenia fetida[J].Chemosphere,2017(173):1-13.
[16]王建武,冯远娇,骆世明.Bt玉米抗虫蛋白表达的时空动态及其土壤降解研究[J].中国农业科学,2003,36(11):1279-1286.
[17]KOSKELLA J,STOTZKY G.Microbial utilization of free and clay-bound insecticidal toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis and their retention of insecticidal activity after incubation with microbes[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1997,63(9):3561-3568.
[18]张运红,黄威,胡红青,等.转Bt基因玉米残体Cry1Ab蛋白在土壤中的残留动态[J].华中农业大学学报,2007,26(4):486-490.
[19]黄威,张运红,陈迪勤,等.Bt蛋白在几种土壤中的降解与残留[J].华中农业大学学报,2009,28(2):169-173.
[20]DUBELMAN S,AYDEN B R,BADER B M,et al.Cry1Ab protein does not persist in soil after 3 years of sustained Bt corn use[J].Environmental Entomology,2005,34(4):915-921.
[21]孙彩霞,陈利军,武志杰,等.Bt杀虫晶体蛋白的土壤残留及其对土壤磷酸酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报,2004,41(5):761-766.
[22]SIMS S R,REAM J E.Soil inactivation of the Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.kurstaki CryIIA insecticidal protein within transgenic cotton tissue:laboratory microcosm and field studies[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,1997,45(4):1502-1505.
[23]李凡,王敏,孙红炜,等.转Bt基因玉米根际土壤及秸秆残体中Cry1Ab蛋白含量动态[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(7):1907-1913.
[24]王柏凤,范春苗,姜志磊,等.转基因玉米Bt蛋白降解规律及其与土壤动物互作研究[J].玉米科学,2018(5):49-53.
[25]邢珍娟,王振营,何康来,等.转Bt基因玉米幼苗残体中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白田间降解动态[J].中国农业科学,2008,41(2):412-416.
[26]李云河,张永军,吴孔明,等.转Bt-cry1Ac基因棉花叶片中杀虫蛋白在环境中的降解动态[J].中国农业科学,2005,38:714-718.
[27]张美俊,杨武德.转Bt基因棉粉碎叶、蕾样Bt蛋白降解[J].核农学报,2011,25(1):14-19.
[28]PALM C J,SEIDLER R J,SCHALLER D L,et al.Persistence in soil of transgenic plant produced Bacillus thuringlensis var.kurstakiδ-endotoxin[J].Canadian journal of Microbiology,1996,42(12):1258-1262.
[29]白耀宇,蒋明星,程家安.影响Bt稻离体叶中Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白降解的环境因子研究[J].中国农业科学,2006,39(4):721-727.
[30]白耀宇,蒋明星,程家安,等.Bt水稻Cry1Ab杀虫蛋白表达的时间动态及其在水稻土中的降解[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1583-1590.
[31]程苗苗,舒迎花,王建武,等.Bt水稻秸秆还田对赤子爱胜蚓生长发育和生殖的影响[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(11):3667-3674.
[32]XIAO Manqiu,FANG Changming,DONG Shanshan,et al.Litterbag decomposition of residues from Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)rice hybrids and the parental lines under multiple field conditions[J].Journal of Soils Sediments,2014,14:1669-1682.
[33]张燕飞,岳龙,张素芬,等.Bt水稻杀虫蛋白时空变化及秸秆还田后在土壤中的持留规律[J].核农学报,2011,25(4):779-784.
[34]DONEGAN K K,SCHALLER D L,STONE J K,et al.Microbial populations,fungal species diversity and plant pathogen levels in field plots of potato plants expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis var.tenebrionis endotoxin[J].Transgenic Research,1996,5(1):25-35.
[35]SAXENA D,STOTZKY G.Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)toxin released from root exudates and biomass of Bt corn has no apparent effect on earthworms,nematodes,protozoa,bacteria,and fungi in soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2001,33(9):1225-1230.
[36]TAN Fengxiao,WANG Jianwu,FENG Yuanjiao,et al.Bt corn plants and their straw have no apparent impact on soil microbial communities[J].Plant and Soil,2010,329:349-364.
[37]BECKER R,BUBNER B,REMUS R,et al.Impact of multi-resistant transgenic Bt maize on straw decomposition and the involved microbial communities[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2014,73:9-18.
[38]王沛譞,徐焱,宋亚娜,等.转基因水稻秸秆还田对土壤硝化反硝化微生物群落的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2018,26(1):81-85.
[39]MULDER C,WOUTERSE M,RUTGERS M,et al.Transgenic maize containing the Cry1Ab protein ephemerally enhances soil microbial communities[J].AMBIO:A Journal of the Human Environment,2007,36(4):359-361.
[40]王洪兴,陈欣,唐建军,等.转Bt基因水稻秸秆降解对土壤微生物可培养类群的影响[J].生态学报,2002,24(1):89-94.
[41]任馨,吴伟祥,叶庆富,等.转Bt基因克螟稻秸杆对淹水土壤细菌群落的影响[J].环境科学学报,2004,24(5):871-877.
[42]吴伟祥,叶庆富,闵航.不同生长期转Bt基因水稻秸杆还土对淹水土壤酶活性的影响[J].生态学报,2003,23(11):2353-2358.
[43]WU Weixiang,YE Qingfu,MIN Hang,et al.Bt-transgenic rice straw affects the culturable microbiota and dehydrogenase and phosphatase activities in a flooded paddy soil[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2004,36(2):289-295.
[44]徐晓宇,叶庆富,吴伟祥,等.转Bt基因“克螟稻”秸秆还田对稻田厌氧微生物种群和酶活性的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2004,10(1):63-67.
[45]SCHRADER S,MUNCHENBERG T,BAUMGARTE S,et al.Earthworms of different functional groups affect the fate of the Bt-toxin Cry1Ab from transgenic maize in soil[J].European Journal of Soil Biology,2008,44(3):283-289.
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