基于分形理论的喀斯特地区土地利用结构研究——以贵州省平坝区为例
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摘要
由于特殊的地貌和生态环境,喀斯特地区经济社会发展深受当地自然条件影响。将国家级重点开发区黔中经济区贵安新区中心的平坝区选为研究对象,以RS和GIS手段为支持,通过斑块类型水平和景观水平,运用分形理论为依据对喀斯特地区土地利用结构的复杂性与稳定性进行定量分析,以期为喀斯特地区重点开发区域土地资源利用提供科学性的建议。结果表明,2015年平坝区土地利用类型以有林地为主,整体SHEI为1.805,SHDI为0.6668,CONTAG为61.0864%;土地利用类型分布具有分形结构,各土地利用类型D_1为1.0084～1.2287,平均D_1为1.0692;根据D_1对各土地利用类型复杂性排序:河流水面>城镇住宅用地>湖泊水面>其他林地>水田>工矿仓储用地>内陆滩涂>有林地>灌木林地>旱地>天然牧草地>水库水面>农村宅基地>裸地>其他草地>园地;SI在0.2713～0.4916之间,总体稳定性较好。
Because of the special landform and ecological environment, the economic and social development in Karst area have been impacted profoundly by the local natural conditions. We selected the Pingba district as the study area which is the central part of Gui'an newly developed area of central Guizhou economic zone in the national key development zone of the main functional economic zone. Considering the actual situation, the terrain is complex and high degree of surface fragmentation, The level of patch type and landscape combined with fractal theory that were used to quantitative analysis the complexity and stability of the land use structure in Karst area which was supported by RS and GIS. In order to provide scientific advice for land resources utilization in key development areas of Karst area. The result showed that, the main land use type of Pingba district was forested land, the overall SHEI value was 1.805, SHDI value was 0.6668, CONTAG value was 61.0864% in 2015. The land use type distribution had fractal structure, and the D1 value range of all land use types was 1.0084～1.2287, the average D1 value was 1.0692. Based on D1 the complexity ranking of land use types was river water surface>urban residential land>lake water surface>other forest land>paddy field>Industrial and mining storage land>inland Beach>forest land>shrub land>dry land>Natural Grassland>reservoir surface>rural residential land>bare land>other grassland>garden land. And the value range of SI was 0.2713～0.4916, the overall stability was well.
Because of the special landform and ecological environment, the economic and social development in Karst area have been impacted profoundly by the local natural conditions. We selected the Pingba district as the study area which is the central part of Gui'an newly developed area of central Guizhou economic zone in the national key development zone of the main functional economic zone. Considering the actual situation, the terrain is complex and high degree of surface fragmentation, The level of patch type and landscape combined with fractal theory that were used to quantitative analysis the complexity and stability of the land use structure in Karst area which was supported by RS and GIS. In order to provide scientific advice for land resources utilization in key development areas of Karst area. The result showed that, the main land use type of Pingba district was forested land, the overall SHEI value was 1.805, SHDI value was 0.6668, CONTAG value was 61.0864% in 2015. The land use type distribution had fractal structure, and the D1 value range of all land use types was 1.0084～1.2287, the average D1 value was 1.0692. Based on D1 the complexity ranking of land use types was river water surface>urban residential land>lake water surface>other forest land>paddy field>Industrial and mining storage land>inland Beach>forest land>shrub land>dry land>Natural Grassland>reservoir surface>rural residential land>bare land>other grassland>garden land. And the value range of SI was 0.2713～0.4916, the overall stability was well.
引文
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[2] 刁承泰,黄京鸿,卢涛.喀斯特地区土地整理的重点和技术探讨——以重庆市涪陵区荒田片区为例[J].水土保持学报,2002(1):127-129.
[3] 陈士银,刘耀林,周飞.湛江市土地利用结构及生态服务价值研究[J].地理与地理信息科学,2007,23(3):83-86.
[4] 李婷,刘康,马力阳,等.秦岭山地丹江流域土地利用变化的土壤侵蚀效应评价[J].自然资源学报,2016,31(4):583-595.
[5] 傅伯杰,陈利顶,王军,等.土地利用结构与生态过程[J].第四纪研究,2003,23(3):247-255.
[6] 朱晓华,蔡运龙.中国土地利用空间分形结构及其机制[J].地理科学,2005,25(6):671-677.
[7] 陈恩,欧名豪.基于熵权TOPSIS法的扬州市土地利用结构合理性评价[J].农业科学研究,2016,37(2):14-19.
[8] 匡兵,周敏,陈丹玲.岳阳市土地利用结构变化与土地利用绩效的关联度分析[J].地域研究与开发,2017,36(1):137-142.
[9] 陈彦光.分形城市系统的空间复杂性研究[M].北京大学,2004.
[10] 密长林,王荣华.GIS和分形理论在土地利用结构中的研究[J].地理空间信息,2012,10(1):70-72.
[11] 朱晓华,王建.分形理论在地理学中的应用现状和前景展望[J].大自然探索,1999(3):42-46.
[12] Batty M,Longley P A.Urban Shapes as Fractals[J].Area,1987,19(3):215-221.
[13] 阿如旱,杨持等.基于分形理论的沙漠化土地空间结构——以内蒙古多伦县为例[J].地理研究,2010,29(2):283-290.
[14] 谢花林,李秀彬.基于分形理论的土地利用空间行为特征——以江西东江源流域为例[J].资源学,2008,(12):1866-1872.
[15] 邵怀勇,仙巍等.土地利用/土地覆被镶嵌体的分形结构模型研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,(05):155-158.
[16] 周成林,谭伟等.基于遥感和GIS的平坝县岩溶地区石漠化监测[J].贵州农业科学,2012,40(12):206-209.
[17] 秦启万,熊康宁.安顺平坝岩溶旅游资源的评价与开发[J].环保科技,1990(2):16-21.
[18] 李阳兵,姚原温,谢静,等.贵州省山地-坝地系统土地利用与景观格局时空演变[J].生态学报,2014,34(12):3257-3265.
[19] 邬建国.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级-第2版[M].高等教育出版社,2007.
[20] 姜志强.分形理论应用研究若干问题及现状与前景分析[J].吉林大学学报(信息科学版),2004,22(1):57-61.
[21] 王璐璐,张征,李坚,等.基于GIS的土地利用类型分形维数及稳定性研究——以滇池流域为例[J].环境科学与管理,2010,35(3):131-134.
[22] 陆彩红,安如.土地利用结构分形特征动态分析[J].地理空间信息,2016,14(1):82-85.
[23] Mandelbrot B B.The fractal geometry of nature /Revised and enlarged edition/[J].New York W.h.freeman & Co.p,1983,-1.
[24] 董连科.分形理论及其应用[M].辽宁科学技术,1991.
[25] 徐建华,艾南山,金炯,等.沙漠化的分形特征研究[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(1):6-10.