刺槐花蜜腺发育解剖学研究
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摘要
为探讨刺槐花蜜腺结构和整个花期中的动态变化规律,选择生长表现良好的标准株,分别在刺槐花不同发育时期即幼蕾期、显露期、始展期、展花期和谢花期采样,石蜡切片,分别采用番红固绿染色和PAS染色对蜜腺部位横切和纵切,显微镜下观察拍照。结果表明:刺槐花蜜腺位于子房与雄蕊之间的花托上,属于花托蜜腺,由分泌表皮和泌蜜组织组成。刺槐花蜜腺泌蜜组织中含有淀粉粒,属于淀粉型蜜腺。从幼蕾期、显露期到始展期,分泌表皮细胞由厚变薄,泌蜜组织细胞的排列由松散到紧密,细胞质逐渐变稀,细胞中液泡逐渐增大,淀粉粒逐渐形成,积累增多至最大值;从展花期至谢花期,气孔和气孔室发育完全,泌蜜细胞的排列变疏松至萎缩变形,细胞质完全液泡化,淀粉粒开始减少,直至消失。刺槐花蜜腺组织细胞结构动态变化规律与其他花托蜜腺植物的变化规律具有相似性。
Paraffin sections were prepared at different development stages of Robinia pseudoacacia flowers,including early bud stage,exposure stage,beginning stage,anthesis period and withering stage. The results showed that the nectary of Robinia pseudoacacia flower is located on the receptacle between the ovary and the stamens,belonging to the receptacle nectary. The nectary contains starch grains,which belongs to the starch type. From the early bud stage and exposure stage to the beginning stage,the nectary cells arrange from loose to close,the cytoplasm gradually become thin,vacuoles in the cells gradually increase,and starch grains gradually form and accumulate. From the anthesis period to the withering stage,the arrangement of nectary cells become loose to atrophy and deformation,the cytoplasm vacuolate completely,and starch grains begin to decrease and disappear.
Paraffin sections were prepared at different development stages of Robinia pseudoacacia flowers,including early bud stage,exposure stage,beginning stage,anthesis period and withering stage. The results showed that the nectary of Robinia pseudoacacia flower is located on the receptacle between the ovary and the stamens,belonging to the receptacle nectary. The nectary contains starch grains,which belongs to the starch type. From the early bud stage and exposure stage to the beginning stage,the nectary cells arrange from loose to close,the cytoplasm gradually become thin,vacuoles in the cells gradually increase,and starch grains gradually form and accumulate. From the anthesis period to the withering stage,the arrangement of nectary cells become loose to atrophy and deformation,the cytoplasm vacuolate completely,and starch grains begin to decrease and disappear.
引文
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[7]张书锋,滕红梅,刘文哲,等.葡萄两性花花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究[J].西北植物学报,1999,20(5):6-9,150.
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[11]毛秀红,荀守华,乔玉玲,等.刺槐和多花刺槐的有性生殖特性[J].植物生理学报,2017,53(4):555-562.
[12]姜丽娜,荀守华,张元帅.多花刺槐花粉与柱头形态及授粉亲和性研究[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(5):938-944.
[13]焦铸锦.陆地棉分泌结构的解剖学研究[D].西安:西北大学,2008.
[14]Fahn A. Secretory Tissues in Plants[M]. Salt Lake City:Academic Press,1979.
[15]Durkee L T,Gaal D J,Reisner W H. The floral and extra‐floral nectaries of Passiflora. I. The floral nectary[J]. American Journal of Botany,1981,68(4):453-462.
[16]辛华,曹玉芳,周启河.田菁花蜜腺的形态解剖学研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,31(2):169-172.
[17]陶世蓉,曹玉芳,辛华,辛洪婵,刘爱华.珍珠梅花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究[J].莱阳农学院学报,1999,16(2):24-27.
[18]邓彦斌,景汝勤,胡正海.桃的花内蜜腺的解剖学研究[J].新疆大学学报(自然科学版),1990,7(2):69-74.
[19]陶世蓉,辛华,曹玉芳.白香草木樨花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究[J].山东科学,2000,13(3):30-33.
[20]郭骏,王虹,张卫红,王江.新疆鼠尾草花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究[J].植物研究,2012,32(6):641-645.
[21]王颖,荀守华,张元帅,齐飞,董元夫,刘泽东,仲伟国,张自和,马京友. 6种刺槐花营养成分和活性物质检测与分析[J].山东林业科技,2018,48(5):23-26.
[2]董霞.中国主要蜜源植物分级[J].蜜蜂杂志,2002,22(3):31.
[3]Schmid R. Reproductive versus extra-reproductive nectaries—historical perspective and terminological recommendations[J]. The Botanical Review,1988,54(2):179-227.
[4]胡正海.植物分泌结构解剖学[M].上海:科学技术出版社,2012.
[5]Davis A R. Searching and breeding for structural features of flowers correlated with high nectar-carbohydrate production[C]. Lethbridge:Integrator of Crops and Native Plant Systems,2000,561:107-122.
[6]滕红梅,胡正海.虎刺花外蜜腺的发育解剖学研究[J].西北植物学报,2002,23(4):88-92,320-321.
[7]张书锋,滕红梅,刘文哲,等.葡萄两性花花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究[J].西北植物学报,1999,20(5):6-9,150.
[8]滕红梅,胡正海.芫荽花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究[J].西北植物学报,1998,19(1):44-49.
[9]王虹,王馨,王永星,等.艾比湖沙拐枣花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究[J].植物研究,2010,30(3):262-266.
[10]耿华美,付强,郭骏,等.垂花青兰花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究[J].植物研究,2012,32(1):22-27.
[11]毛秀红,荀守华,乔玉玲,等.刺槐和多花刺槐的有性生殖特性[J].植物生理学报,2017,53(4):555-562.
[12]姜丽娜,荀守华,张元帅.多花刺槐花粉与柱头形态及授粉亲和性研究[J].西北植物学报,2016,36(5):938-944.
[13]焦铸锦.陆地棉分泌结构的解剖学研究[D].西安:西北大学,2008.
[14]Fahn A. Secretory Tissues in Plants[M]. Salt Lake City:Academic Press,1979.
[15]Durkee L T,Gaal D J,Reisner W H. The floral and extra‐floral nectaries of Passiflora. I. The floral nectary[J]. American Journal of Botany,1981,68(4):453-462.
[16]辛华,曹玉芳,周启河.田菁花蜜腺的形态解剖学研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2000,31(2):169-172.
[17]陶世蓉,曹玉芳,辛华,辛洪婵,刘爱华.珍珠梅花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究[J].莱阳农学院学报,1999,16(2):24-27.
[18]邓彦斌,景汝勤,胡正海.桃的花内蜜腺的解剖学研究[J].新疆大学学报(自然科学版),1990,7(2):69-74.
[19]陶世蓉,辛华,曹玉芳.白香草木樨花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究[J].山东科学,2000,13(3):30-33.
[20]郭骏,王虹,张卫红,王江.新疆鼠尾草花蜜腺的发育解剖学研究[J].植物研究,2012,32(6):641-645.
[21]王颖,荀守华,张元帅,齐飞,董元夫,刘泽东,仲伟国,张自和,马京友. 6种刺槐花营养成分和活性物质检测与分析[J].山东林业科技,2018,48(5):23-26.
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