蚯蚓-菌根互作对滨海盐碱土的改良作用
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摘要
为改良滨海盐碱地不良的土壤理化性质,使其适合作物生长,从生物改良角度,研究蚯蚓(Eisenia fetida)与丛枝菌根真菌(Rhizophagus intraridices)互作对滨海盐碱地的改良作用。采用盆栽试验,以玉米为研究对象,设置不加菌根和蚯蚓(CK)、接种菌根真菌(AM)、添加蚯蚓(EW)、添加蚯蚓和菌根真菌(AM+EW)共4个处理,测定不同处理土壤理化性质及玉米生长相关指标。结果表明:添加蚯蚓和接种菌根真菌均能降低土壤pH及水溶性全盐含量(P<0.05),提高玉米对土壤养分的吸收(P<0.05)。同时,蚯蚓能促进菌根真菌的定殖(P<0.05),二者互作使土壤水溶性全盐含量降低25.4%,玉米根系表面积增加51.8%,对氮磷钾的吸收量分别提高31.1%、21.0%、48.3%,地上部生物量提高80.2%。因此,在滨海盐碱地添加蚯蚓及菌根真菌可降低土壤pH及水溶性全盐含量,改善植物根际环境,促进玉米根系生长,促进其对土壤养分的吸收,提高玉米养分及生物量。
In order to improve the physical and chemical properties of the coastal saline soil and make it suitable for crop growth,this study studied the interaction of earthworms(Eisenia fetida) and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(Rhizophagus intraridices) on the coastal saline soil.In a pot experiment,4 treatments were designed and maize was taken as the research object:no mycorrhizal or earthworms(CK);inoculated mycorrhizal fungi(AM);added earthworms(EW);added earthworms and mycorrhizal fungi(AM+EW).The soil physical and chemical properties and growth indexes under different treatments were determined.The results showed that adding earthworms and inoculating mycorrhizal fungi reduced soil pH and the content of total salt(P<0.05),and improved maize nutrient uptake(P<0.05).Earthworms promoted the colonization of mycorrhizal fungi(P<0.05).The interaction between earthworms and mycorrhiza fungi reduced the content of water soluble total salt by 25.4%.The interaction increased the surface area of maize roots by 51.8%,the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by 31.1%,21%,48.3% respectively,and the shoot biomass by 80.2%.In conclusion,adding earthworms and mycorrhizal fungi to the coastal saline soil reduced the soil pH and the content of water soluble total salt,improved the rhizosphere environment of plants and the nutrient and biomass of maize in soil,and promoted the growth of maize roots and absorption of soil nutrients.
In order to improve the physical and chemical properties of the coastal saline soil and make it suitable for crop growth,this study studied the interaction of earthworms(Eisenia fetida) and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(Rhizophagus intraridices) on the coastal saline soil.In a pot experiment,4 treatments were designed and maize was taken as the research object:no mycorrhizal or earthworms(CK);inoculated mycorrhizal fungi(AM);added earthworms(EW);added earthworms and mycorrhizal fungi(AM+EW).The soil physical and chemical properties and growth indexes under different treatments were determined.The results showed that adding earthworms and inoculating mycorrhizal fungi reduced soil pH and the content of total salt(P<0.05),and improved maize nutrient uptake(P<0.05).Earthworms promoted the colonization of mycorrhizal fungi(P<0.05).The interaction between earthworms and mycorrhiza fungi reduced the content of water soluble total salt by 25.4%.The interaction increased the surface area of maize roots by 51.8%,the absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium by 31.1%,21%,48.3% respectively,and the shoot biomass by 80.2%.In conclusion,adding earthworms and mycorrhizal fungi to the coastal saline soil reduced the soil pH and the content of water soluble total salt,improved the rhizosphere environment of plants and the nutrient and biomass of maize in soil,and promoted the growth of maize roots and absorption of soil nutrients.
引文
[1]李彬,王志春,孙志高,陈渊,杨福.中国盐碱地资源与可持续利用研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(2):154-158Li B,Wang Z C,Sun Z G,Chen Y,Yang F.Resources and sustainable resource exploitation of salinized land in China[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2005,23(2):154-158(in Chinese)
[2]李志杰,孙文彦.盐碱土农业生态工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2015Li Z J,Sun W Y.Saline-Alkali Soil Agro-ecological Engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015(in Chinese)
[3]李颖,陶军,钞锦龙,张化,顾卫.滨海盐碱地“台田-浅池”改良措施的研究进展[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014(5):154-160Li Y,Tao J,Chao J L,Zhang H,Gu W.Research progress of improving measures of“raised field-shallow pool”for coastal saline-alkaline land[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2014(5):154-160(in Chinese)
[4]Tripathi S,Kumari S,Chakraborty A,Gupta A,Chakrabarti,K,Bandyapadhyay,B K.Microbial biomass and its activities in salt-affected coastal soils[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,2006,42(3):273-277
[5]王福友,王冲,刘全清,金树杰,解永进.腐植酸、蚯蚓粪及蚯蚓蛋白肥料对滨海盐碱土壤的改良效应[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(5):89-94Wang F Y,Wang C,Liu Q Q,Jin S J,Xie Y J.Improved effect of humic acid,earthworm protein fertilizer and vermicompost on coastal asline soils[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2015,20(5):89-94(in Chinese)
[6]Porcel R,Aroca R,Ruizlozano J M.Salinitystress alleviation using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi:A review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2012,32(1):181-200
[7]Feng G,Zhang F S,Li X L,Tian C Y,Tang C,Rengel Z.Improved tolerance of maize plants to salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza is related to higher accumulation of soluble sugars in roots[J].Mycorrhiza,2002,12(4):185-190
[8]Blouin M,Hodson M E,Delgado E A,Baker G,Brussaard L,Butt K R,Dai J,Dendooven L,Peres G,Tondoh J E,Cluzeau D,Brun J J.A review of earthworm impact on soil function and ecosystem services[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2013,64(2):161-182
[9]Ortiz-Ceballos A I,Pe1a-Cabriales J J,Fragoso C,Brown G G.Mycorrhizal colonization and nitroge N uptake by maize:combined effect of tropical earthworms and velvetbean mulch[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2007,44(1):181-196
[10]ZangerléA,Hissler C,Lavelle P.Effects of earthworms and plants on the soil structure,the physical stabilization of soil organic matter and the microbial abundance and diversity in soil aggregates in a long term study[J].General Assembly Conference Abstracts,2014,16:293
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2015Bao S D.Soil and Aricultural Chenmistry Analysis[M].3rd Edition.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2015(in Chinese)
[12]Phillips J M,Hayman D S.Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection[J].Transactions of the British Mycological Society,1970,55(1):158,N16-N161,N18
[13]Wardle D A,Bardgett R D,Klironomos J N,Wh,van der Putten W H,Wall D H.Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota[J].Science,2004,304(5677):1629-1633
[14]Oo A N,Iwai C B,Saenjan P.Soil properties and maize growth in saline and nonsaline soils using cassava-industrial waste compost and vermicompost with or without earthworms[J].Land Degradation&Development,2015,26(3):300-310
[15]Thakuria D,Schmidt O,Finan D,Egan D,Doohan F M.Gut wall bacteria of earthworms:A natural selection process[J].The ISME Journal,2010,4(3):357-366
[16]吴强盛,袁芳英,费永俊,李莉,黄咏明.菌根真菌对白三叶根际团聚体稳定性、球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白和糖类物质的影响[J].草业学报,2014(4):269-275Wu Q S,Yuan F Y,Fei Y J,Li L,Huang Y M.Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on aggregate stability,GRSP,and carbohydrates of white clover[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014(4):269-275(in Chinese)
[17]冯固,张玉凤,李晓林.丛枝菌根真菌的外生菌丝对土壤水稳性团聚体形成的影响[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(4):99-102Feng G,Zhang Y F,Li X L.Effect of external hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal plant on water-stable aggregates in sandy soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,15(4):99-102(in Chinese)
[18]Wright S F,Upadhyaya A.A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin,aglycoprotein produced by hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J].Plant&Soil,1998,198(1):97-107
[19]Lemtiri A,Colinet G,Alabi T,Cluzeau D,Zirbes L,Haubruge E,Francis,F.Impacts of earthworms on soil components and dynamics:A review[J].Biotechnologie Agronomie Societe Et Environment,2014,18(1):121-133
[20]Cécillon L,Cassagne N,Czarnes S,Gros R,Brun J.Variable selection in near infrared spectra for the biological characterization of soil and earthworm casts[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(7):1975-1979
[21]Giri B,Mukerji K.Mycorrhizal inoculant alleviates salt stress in Sesbania aegyptiaca and Sesbania grandiflora under field conditions:Evidence forreduced sodium and improved magnesium uptake[J].Mycorrhiza,2004,14(5):307-312
[22]Zhang Y F,Wang P,Yang Y F,Bi Q,Tian S Y,Shi X W.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve reestablishment of Leymus chinensis in bare saline-alkaline soil:Implication on vegetation restoration of extremely degraded land[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2011,75(9):773-778
[23]Li X L,George E,Marschner H.Extension of the phosphorus depletion zone in VA-mycorrhizal white clover in a calcareous soil[J].Plant&Soil,1991,136(1):41-48
[24]Zarea M J,Ghalavand A,Goltapeh E M,Rejali F,Zamaniyan M.Effects of mixed cropping,earthworms(Pheretimasp),and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(Glomus mosseae)on plant yield,mycorrhizal colonization rate,soil microbial biomass,and nitrogenase activity of free-living rhizosphere bacteria[J].Pedobiologia,2009,52(4):223-235
[25]Li H,Li X L,Dou Z H,Zhang J L,Wang C.Earthworm(Aporrectodea trapezoides):Mycorrhiza(Glomus intraradices)interaction and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by maize[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2012,48(1):75-85
[26]Cao J,Wang C,Ji D.Improvement of the soil nitrogen content and maize growth by earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils polluted by oxytetracycline[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,571:926-934
[27]Tuffen F,Eason W R,Scullion J.The effect of earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of and 32Ptransfer between Allium porrum plants[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34(7):1027-1036
[28]曹佳,王冲,皇彦,纪丁戈,楼屹.蚯蚓对土壤微生物及生物肥力的影响研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2015(5):1579-1586Cao J,Wang C,Huang Y,Ji D G,Lou Y.Effects of earthworm on soil microbes and biological fertility:A review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015(5):1579-1586(in Chinese)
[29]李欢,杜志勇,刘庆,史衍玺.蚯蚓菌根互作对土壤酶活、甘薯根系生长及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016(1):209-215Li H,Du Z Y,Liu Q,Shi Y X.Effect of earthworm-mycorrhiza interaction on soil enzyme activities,root growth and nutrients uptake of sweet potato[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016(1):209-215(in Chinese)
[30]Li H,Wang C,Li X L,Xiang D.Inoculating maize fields with earthworms(Aporrectodea trapezoides)and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus(Rhizophagus intraradices)improves mycorrhizal community structure and increases plant nutrient uptake[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2013,49(8):1167-1178
[2]李志杰,孙文彦.盐碱土农业生态工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2015Li Z J,Sun W Y.Saline-Alkali Soil Agro-ecological Engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2015(in Chinese)
[3]李颖,陶军,钞锦龙,张化,顾卫.滨海盐碱地“台田-浅池”改良措施的研究进展[J].干旱地区农业研究,2014(5):154-160Li Y,Tao J,Chao J L,Zhang H,Gu W.Research progress of improving measures of“raised field-shallow pool”for coastal saline-alkaline land[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2014(5):154-160(in Chinese)
[4]Tripathi S,Kumari S,Chakraborty A,Gupta A,Chakrabarti,K,Bandyapadhyay,B K.Microbial biomass and its activities in salt-affected coastal soils[J].Biology&Fertility of Soils,2006,42(3):273-277
[5]王福友,王冲,刘全清,金树杰,解永进.腐植酸、蚯蚓粪及蚯蚓蛋白肥料对滨海盐碱土壤的改良效应[J].中国农业大学学报,2015,20(5):89-94Wang F Y,Wang C,Liu Q Q,Jin S J,Xie Y J.Improved effect of humic acid,earthworm protein fertilizer and vermicompost on coastal asline soils[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2015,20(5):89-94(in Chinese)
[6]Porcel R,Aroca R,Ruizlozano J M.Salinitystress alleviation using arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi:A review[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2012,32(1):181-200
[7]Feng G,Zhang F S,Li X L,Tian C Y,Tang C,Rengel Z.Improved tolerance of maize plants to salt stress by arbuscular mycorrhiza is related to higher accumulation of soluble sugars in roots[J].Mycorrhiza,2002,12(4):185-190
[8]Blouin M,Hodson M E,Delgado E A,Baker G,Brussaard L,Butt K R,Dai J,Dendooven L,Peres G,Tondoh J E,Cluzeau D,Brun J J.A review of earthworm impact on soil function and ecosystem services[J].European Journal of Soil Science,2013,64(2):161-182
[9]Ortiz-Ceballos A I,Pe1a-Cabriales J J,Fragoso C,Brown G G.Mycorrhizal colonization and nitroge N uptake by maize:combined effect of tropical earthworms and velvetbean mulch[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2007,44(1):181-196
[10]ZangerléA,Hissler C,Lavelle P.Effects of earthworms and plants on the soil structure,the physical stabilization of soil organic matter and the microbial abundance and diversity in soil aggregates in a long term study[J].General Assembly Conference Abstracts,2014,16:293
[11]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].第三版.北京:中国农业出版社,2015Bao S D.Soil and Aricultural Chenmistry Analysis[M].3rd Edition.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2015(in Chinese)
[12]Phillips J M,Hayman D S.Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection[J].Transactions of the British Mycological Society,1970,55(1):158,N16-N161,N18
[13]Wardle D A,Bardgett R D,Klironomos J N,Wh,van der Putten W H,Wall D H.Ecological linkages between aboveground and belowground biota[J].Science,2004,304(5677):1629-1633
[14]Oo A N,Iwai C B,Saenjan P.Soil properties and maize growth in saline and nonsaline soils using cassava-industrial waste compost and vermicompost with or without earthworms[J].Land Degradation&Development,2015,26(3):300-310
[15]Thakuria D,Schmidt O,Finan D,Egan D,Doohan F M.Gut wall bacteria of earthworms:A natural selection process[J].The ISME Journal,2010,4(3):357-366
[16]吴强盛,袁芳英,费永俊,李莉,黄咏明.菌根真菌对白三叶根际团聚体稳定性、球囊霉素相关土壤蛋白和糖类物质的影响[J].草业学报,2014(4):269-275Wu Q S,Yuan F Y,Fei Y J,Li L,Huang Y M.Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on aggregate stability,GRSP,and carbohydrates of white clover[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2014(4):269-275(in Chinese)
[17]冯固,张玉凤,李晓林.丛枝菌根真菌的外生菌丝对土壤水稳性团聚体形成的影响[J].水土保持学报,2001,15(4):99-102Feng G,Zhang Y F,Li X L.Effect of external hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal plant on water-stable aggregates in sandy soil[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2001,15(4):99-102(in Chinese)
[18]Wright S F,Upadhyaya A.A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin,aglycoprotein produced by hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi[J].Plant&Soil,1998,198(1):97-107
[19]Lemtiri A,Colinet G,Alabi T,Cluzeau D,Zirbes L,Haubruge E,Francis,F.Impacts of earthworms on soil components and dynamics:A review[J].Biotechnologie Agronomie Societe Et Environment,2014,18(1):121-133
[20]Cécillon L,Cassagne N,Czarnes S,Gros R,Brun J.Variable selection in near infrared spectra for the biological characterization of soil and earthworm casts[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40(7):1975-1979
[21]Giri B,Mukerji K.Mycorrhizal inoculant alleviates salt stress in Sesbania aegyptiaca and Sesbania grandiflora under field conditions:Evidence forreduced sodium and improved magnesium uptake[J].Mycorrhiza,2004,14(5):307-312
[22]Zhang Y F,Wang P,Yang Y F,Bi Q,Tian S Y,Shi X W.Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi improve reestablishment of Leymus chinensis in bare saline-alkaline soil:Implication on vegetation restoration of extremely degraded land[J].Journal of Arid Environments,2011,75(9):773-778
[23]Li X L,George E,Marschner H.Extension of the phosphorus depletion zone in VA-mycorrhizal white clover in a calcareous soil[J].Plant&Soil,1991,136(1):41-48
[24]Zarea M J,Ghalavand A,Goltapeh E M,Rejali F,Zamaniyan M.Effects of mixed cropping,earthworms(Pheretimasp),and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(Glomus mosseae)on plant yield,mycorrhizal colonization rate,soil microbial biomass,and nitrogenase activity of free-living rhizosphere bacteria[J].Pedobiologia,2009,52(4):223-235
[25]Li H,Li X L,Dou Z H,Zhang J L,Wang C.Earthworm(Aporrectodea trapezoides):Mycorrhiza(Glomus intraradices)interaction and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake by maize[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2012,48(1):75-85
[26]Cao J,Wang C,Ji D.Improvement of the soil nitrogen content and maize growth by earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soils polluted by oxytetracycline[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,571:926-934
[27]Tuffen F,Eason W R,Scullion J.The effect of earthworms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth of and 32Ptransfer between Allium porrum plants[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2002,34(7):1027-1036
[28]曹佳,王冲,皇彦,纪丁戈,楼屹.蚯蚓对土壤微生物及生物肥力的影响研究进展[J].应用生态学报,2015(5):1579-1586Cao J,Wang C,Huang Y,Ji D G,Lou Y.Effects of earthworm on soil microbes and biological fertility:A review[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2015(5):1579-1586(in Chinese)
[29]李欢,杜志勇,刘庆,史衍玺.蚯蚓菌根互作对土壤酶活、甘薯根系生长及养分吸收的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016(1):209-215Li H,Du Z Y,Liu Q,Shi Y X.Effect of earthworm-mycorrhiza interaction on soil enzyme activities,root growth and nutrients uptake of sweet potato[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016(1):209-215(in Chinese)
[30]Li H,Wang C,Li X L,Xiang D.Inoculating maize fields with earthworms(Aporrectodea trapezoides)and an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus(Rhizophagus intraradices)improves mycorrhizal community structure and increases plant nutrient uptake[J].Biology and Fertility of Soils,2013,49(8):1167-1178