固定乳头对哺乳期仔猪乳头秩序及生产性能的影响
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摘要
乳头秩序为影响哺乳仔猪生产性能的重要因素,其稳定程度为评价哺乳期仔猪乳头秩序的重要指标。试验选取胎次、体况相近待产民猪母猪、大白猪母猪各30头,将每品种母猪随机分成人工固定乳头组(15头)和自由选择乳头组(15头),人工固定乳头组将体重较小仔猪固定至母猪前部乳头吮乳、体重较大仔猪固定至母猪后部乳头吮乳,探究各组仔猪乳头秩序建立过程及其生产性能。结果表明,人工固定组仔猪哺乳初期乳头竞争水平低于自由选择组,建立稳定乳头秩序所需时间和哺乳次数均极显著低于自由选择组(P<0.01);民猪建立稳定乳头秩序所需时间少于大白猪(P>0.05)。人工固定组民猪仔猪21日龄窝重、体重、增重、断奶仔猪均匀度及成活率均显著高于自由选择组(P<0.05);人工固定组大白猪仔猪21日龄、断奶体重、增重及窝重均显著高于自由选择组(P<0.05);民猪、大白猪人工固定组仔猪腹泻频率显著低于自由选择组(P<0.05)。可见,人工固定乳头可降低仔猪乳头竞争水平,缩短乳头秩序建立时间,提高母猪泌乳力、仔猪成活率和生产性能。
The teat order of piglets is an important factor affecting the growth performance of suckling piglets, and the stability of the establishment of teat order is an important index to evaluate the teat order of lactating piglets. Total 30 Minpig and 30 Large White pregnancy sows with similar parity and body condition were selected in this study. The managed teat group(n=15) and the natural selected teat group by piglets(n=15) in each breed sows were randomly assigned. The low weight piglets were managed to the front nipples of the sows, and the high weight piglets were managed to the back nipples of the sows, in order to investigate the establishment of teat order and growth performance of piglets in the different groups. The results showed that the piglets in managed teat group had lower teat competition than those in natural selected teat group, and the time for establishment teat order and nursing frequency were extremely significant lower than those of natural selected nipple group(P<0.01);The Minpig piglets had less time for establishment teat order than Large White piglets(P>0.05). The Minpig managed teat group 21 st litter weight, weight, gain weight, weaned piglets uniformity and survival rate of weaned piglets were significantly higher than the group of natural selected teat(P<0.05). The Large White managed teat group 21 st weight, weaning weight, gain weight and litter weight were significantly higher than the group of natural selected teat(P<0.05). The diarrhea frequency in managed teat group was significantly lower than that in natural selected teat(P<0.05). The results indicated that managing teat could reduce the level of teat competition, shorten the time for establishment teat order and improve the lactating abilities of sows, the survival rate and growth performance of piglets.
The teat order of piglets is an important factor affecting the growth performance of suckling piglets, and the stability of the establishment of teat order is an important index to evaluate the teat order of lactating piglets. Total 30 Minpig and 30 Large White pregnancy sows with similar parity and body condition were selected in this study. The managed teat group(n=15) and the natural selected teat group by piglets(n=15) in each breed sows were randomly assigned. The low weight piglets were managed to the front nipples of the sows, and the high weight piglets were managed to the back nipples of the sows, in order to investigate the establishment of teat order and growth performance of piglets in the different groups. The results showed that the piglets in managed teat group had lower teat competition than those in natural selected teat group, and the time for establishment teat order and nursing frequency were extremely significant lower than those of natural selected nipple group(P<0.01);The Minpig piglets had less time for establishment teat order than Large White piglets(P>0.05). The Minpig managed teat group 21 st litter weight, weight, gain weight, weaned piglets uniformity and survival rate of weaned piglets were significantly higher than the group of natural selected teat(P<0.05). The Large White managed teat group 21 st weight, weaning weight, gain weight and litter weight were significantly higher than the group of natural selected teat(P<0.05). The diarrhea frequency in managed teat group was significantly lower than that in natural selected teat(P<0.05). The results indicated that managing teat could reduce the level of teat competition, shorten the time for establishment teat order and improve the lactating abilities of sows, the survival rate and growth performance of piglets.
引文
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[2]李剑虹,包军.母猪授乳行为和仔猪吮乳行为的观察[J].畜牧与兽医, 2000, 32(1):68-76.
[3] Mcbride G. The‘teat order’and communication in young pigs[J].Animal Behaviour, 1963, 11(1):53-56.
[4] Rosillon-Warnier A, Paquay R. Development and consequences of teat-order in piglets[J]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science,1984, 13(1):47-58.
[5]随韶璞,李平华,刘瑶,等.母猪乳头数及哺乳位置等对哺乳仔猪早期日增重的影响[J].畜牧与兽医, 2017, 49(5):17-20.
[6] Skok J, korjanc, Dejan. Formation of teat order and estimation of piglets distribution along the mammary complex using mid-domain effect(MDE)model[J]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2013,144(1-2):39-45.
[7]尹国安,李剑虹,包军.仔猪出生顺序、出生重、性别对乳头序列确定及增重的影响[J].家畜生态学报, 2006, 27(6):90-95.
[8] Faber M H. Basic probability theory[M]. New york:Dover Publications, 2012.
[9] Ford E D. A primer of ecological statistics[J]. American Statistician, 2012, 59(4):350-350.
[10]施辉毕,王立刚,梁晶,等.仔猪均匀度遗传参数估计及影响因素分析[J].畜牧兽医学报, 2015, 46(12):2146-2152.
[11]汪蕊,王莉,王希彪.断奶仔猪血清及肠道肠三叶因子ITF水平与腹泻的关系研究[J].东北农业大学学报, 2012, 43(3):15-18.
[12] Quesnel H, Farmer C, Devillers N. Colostrum intake:Influence on piglet performance and factors of variation[J]. Livest Sci, 2012,146(2-3):105-114.
[13]吴灵英.泌乳母猪乳房发育及其对哺乳仔猪生长的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2000, 27(5):2-4.
[14] Lines D S, Ruyter E M D, Wettere W H E J V, et al. Teat order influences piglet performance after weaning[J]. Animal Production Science, 2015, 55(11):1481-1482.
[15] Vasdal G, Stensen I, Michala Meliová, et al. Management routines at the time of farrowing—effects on teat success and postnatal piglet mortality from loose housed sows[J]. Livestock Science, 2011,136(2-3):225-231.
[16] Indicated N. Guidelines for the treatment of animals in behavioural research and teaching[J]. Animal Behaviour, 2008, 75(1):271-275.
[17] Skok J,?korjanc D. Group suckling cohesion as a prelude to the formation of teat order in piglets[J]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2014, 154(5):15-21.
[18] Puppe B, Tuchscherer A. Developmental and territorial aspects of suckling behaviour in the domestic pig(Sus scrofa f. domestica)[J].Journal of Zoology, 2006, 249(3):307-313.
[19] Fericean M L, Palicica R, Rada O. The behaviour of suckling piglets[J]. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 2011, 43(2):168-173.
[20]赵云翔,刘小红,陈清森,等.母猪品种、胎次、活仔数和分娩月份对窝产仔均匀度等性状的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2017,53(2):24-29.
[21] Skok J. On the presence and absence of suckling order in polytocous mammals[J]. ehavioural Processes, 2018, 148(1):10-15.
[22]叶健,傅金銮,叶道武,等.仔猪均匀度表型及遗传分析[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2016, 52(21):13-16.
[23]张永香.初乳中分泌型免疫球蛋白(SIgA)在防控新生仔猪腹泻方面的研究进展[J].中国动物保健, 2017, 19(2):72-75.
[2]李剑虹,包军.母猪授乳行为和仔猪吮乳行为的观察[J].畜牧与兽医, 2000, 32(1):68-76.
[3] Mcbride G. The‘teat order’and communication in young pigs[J].Animal Behaviour, 1963, 11(1):53-56.
[4] Rosillon-Warnier A, Paquay R. Development and consequences of teat-order in piglets[J]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science,1984, 13(1):47-58.
[5]随韶璞,李平华,刘瑶,等.母猪乳头数及哺乳位置等对哺乳仔猪早期日增重的影响[J].畜牧与兽医, 2017, 49(5):17-20.
[6] Skok J, korjanc, Dejan. Formation of teat order and estimation of piglets distribution along the mammary complex using mid-domain effect(MDE)model[J]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2013,144(1-2):39-45.
[7]尹国安,李剑虹,包军.仔猪出生顺序、出生重、性别对乳头序列确定及增重的影响[J].家畜生态学报, 2006, 27(6):90-95.
[8] Faber M H. Basic probability theory[M]. New york:Dover Publications, 2012.
[9] Ford E D. A primer of ecological statistics[J]. American Statistician, 2012, 59(4):350-350.
[10]施辉毕,王立刚,梁晶,等.仔猪均匀度遗传参数估计及影响因素分析[J].畜牧兽医学报, 2015, 46(12):2146-2152.
[11]汪蕊,王莉,王希彪.断奶仔猪血清及肠道肠三叶因子ITF水平与腹泻的关系研究[J].东北农业大学学报, 2012, 43(3):15-18.
[12] Quesnel H, Farmer C, Devillers N. Colostrum intake:Influence on piglet performance and factors of variation[J]. Livest Sci, 2012,146(2-3):105-114.
[13]吴灵英.泌乳母猪乳房发育及其对哺乳仔猪生长的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医, 2000, 27(5):2-4.
[14] Lines D S, Ruyter E M D, Wettere W H E J V, et al. Teat order influences piglet performance after weaning[J]. Animal Production Science, 2015, 55(11):1481-1482.
[15] Vasdal G, Stensen I, Michala Meliová, et al. Management routines at the time of farrowing—effects on teat success and postnatal piglet mortality from loose housed sows[J]. Livestock Science, 2011,136(2-3):225-231.
[16] Indicated N. Guidelines for the treatment of animals in behavioural research and teaching[J]. Animal Behaviour, 2008, 75(1):271-275.
[17] Skok J,?korjanc D. Group suckling cohesion as a prelude to the formation of teat order in piglets[J]. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 2014, 154(5):15-21.
[18] Puppe B, Tuchscherer A. Developmental and territorial aspects of suckling behaviour in the domestic pig(Sus scrofa f. domestica)[J].Journal of Zoology, 2006, 249(3):307-313.
[19] Fericean M L, Palicica R, Rada O. The behaviour of suckling piglets[J]. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 2011, 43(2):168-173.
[20]赵云翔,刘小红,陈清森,等.母猪品种、胎次、活仔数和分娩月份对窝产仔均匀度等性状的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2017,53(2):24-29.
[21] Skok J. On the presence and absence of suckling order in polytocous mammals[J]. ehavioural Processes, 2018, 148(1):10-15.
[22]叶健,傅金銮,叶道武,等.仔猪均匀度表型及遗传分析[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2016, 52(21):13-16.
[23]张永香.初乳中分泌型免疫球蛋白(SIgA)在防控新生仔猪腹泻方面的研究进展[J].中国动物保健, 2017, 19(2):72-75.
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