一级A污水处理厂提标改造可行性分析:以青岛市某污水处理厂为例
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摘要
采用达标保证率法评价了青岛市某市政污水处理厂出水的GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准达标情况,研究水质提升至GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅳ类、GB 3097—1997《海水水质标准》Ⅱ类的可行性。结果表明:该厂全年进、出水各指标稳定,处理工艺可达到GB 18918—2002一级A设计标准。但经处理后的出水每年仍向接纳海域排放COD 770 t,BOD576 t,SS 209 t,NH3-N 41 t,TN 255 t,TP 54 t,给环境带来较大负担。为了保护环境并考虑出水再生回用,分别以GB 3838—2002Ⅳ类、GB 3097—1997Ⅱ类作为提标改造目标,对6种污染物进行等标污染负荷计算及排序。结果表明:以GB 3838—2002Ⅳ类水质标准评价,TN、SS和NH3-N三者为主要污染物,总污染负荷比为80. 64%。以GB 3097—1997Ⅱ类水质标准评价,则TN、COD和TP为主要污染物,三者总污染负荷比为87. 39%。不论执行何种标准都应重点加强TN的去除。成本分析表明,提标改造成本增加主要为碳源。ρ(TN)从目前出水的9. 37 mg/L,分别下降到1. 5,0. 3 mg/L,单位运行成本提高分别为0. 13,0. 15元/m3。
We evaluated the first level A standard of effluent for a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Qingdao by adopting the standard guarantee rate method,and studied the feasibility on upgrading the standard to class Ⅳ surface water and second class sea water. The results showed that both influent and effluent were stable throughout the year and the treatment technique could steadily reach the designed criteria of the first level A for municipal wastewater treatment plant. However,there are still 76 tons of BOD5,770 tons of COD,209 tons of SS,41 tons of NH3-N,255 tons of TN and 54 tons of TP discharged into the circumstances,resulting in a large environmental burden. In order to protect the environment and consider the water reuse,classⅣ surface water and second class sea water were employed as the target effluent criteria,and the characteristics of all six pollution indicators were evaluated by the equal standard pollution load approach. Based on their pollution degree,TN,SS and NH3-N were identified as the main pollutants in terms of class Ⅳ surface water criteria with total pollution load ratio of 80. 64%,while TN,COD and TP were identified as the main pollutants in terms of second class sea water criteria with total pollution load ratio of 87. 39%. No matter what standards are implemented,emphasis should be placed on strengthening the TN removal. The cost analysis suggested that the main consumption in the upgrading was carbon source. The unit operating costs increased0. 13 yuan/m3 and 0. 15 yuan/m3,respectively,by reducing TN from the current 9. 37 mg/L to 1. 5 mg/L and 0. 3 mg/L.
We evaluated the first level A standard of effluent for a municipal wastewater treatment plant in Qingdao by adopting the standard guarantee rate method,and studied the feasibility on upgrading the standard to class Ⅳ surface water and second class sea water. The results showed that both influent and effluent were stable throughout the year and the treatment technique could steadily reach the designed criteria of the first level A for municipal wastewater treatment plant. However,there are still 76 tons of BOD5,770 tons of COD,209 tons of SS,41 tons of NH3-N,255 tons of TN and 54 tons of TP discharged into the circumstances,resulting in a large environmental burden. In order to protect the environment and consider the water reuse,classⅣ surface water and second class sea water were employed as the target effluent criteria,and the characteristics of all six pollution indicators were evaluated by the equal standard pollution load approach. Based on their pollution degree,TN,SS and NH3-N were identified as the main pollutants in terms of class Ⅳ surface water criteria with total pollution load ratio of 80. 64%,while TN,COD and TP were identified as the main pollutants in terms of second class sea water criteria with total pollution load ratio of 87. 39%. No matter what standards are implemented,emphasis should be placed on strengthening the TN removal. The cost analysis suggested that the main consumption in the upgrading was carbon source. The unit operating costs increased0. 13 yuan/m3 and 0. 15 yuan/m3,respectively,by reducing TN from the current 9. 37 mg/L to 1. 5 mg/L and 0. 3 mg/L.
引文
[1]国家环境保护总局．城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准:GB18918—2002[S]．北京:中国环境科学出版社，2002.
[2]国家环境保护总局．地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838—2002[S]．北京:中国环境科学出版社，2002.
[3]国家环境保护局．海水水质标准:GB 3097—1997[S]．北京:中国标准出版社，1997.
[4]孙迎雪，吴光学，胡洪营，等．基于达标保证率的昆明市污水处理厂出水水质评价[J]．中国环境科学，2013,33(6):1113-1119.
[5]刘爱萍，刘晓文，陈中颖，等．珠江三角洲地区城镇生活污染源调查及其排污总量核算[J]．中国环境科学，2011,31(增刊1):53-57.
[6]郝昊，王晓昌，张琼华，等．宜兴市城市污水处理厂的水污染特征分析[J]．环境工程学报，2015,9(2):567-571.
[7]李伟，卢东昱，陈永玲，等．北京市某污水厂基于准地表Ⅲ类水体出水标准的工程实践[J]．中国给水排水，2017,33(2):56-60.
[8]杨清，刘琳，郭淑琴．天津双林污水处理厂设计与Ⅳ类水排放标准改造探讨[J]．中国给水排水，2016,32(8):59-62.
[9]杜创，雷振，张铁源．深床滤池在污水厂地表Ⅳ类水提标改造中的应用[J]．中国给水排水，2017,33(8):99-103.
[10]冯硕，李振川，李艺．再生水厂平面布局分析与节地策略探讨[J]．中国给水排水，2016,32(4):59-62.
[11]李波，吴光学，胡洪营，等．昆明市污水处理厂运行综合评价[J]．环境工程学报，2014,8(10):4175-4182.
[12]杨凌波，曾思育，鞠宇平，等．我国城市污水处理厂能耗规律的统计分析与定量识别[J]．给水排水，2008,34(10):42-45.
[13]仇付国，张行，李辉．MBR污水处理工艺升级改造及运行效果分析[J]．中国给水排水，2016,32(4):55-58.
[14]张维，颜秀琴，张悦，等．我国城镇污水处理厂运行药耗分析[J]．中国给水排水，2017,33(4):103-108.
[15]周丹，周雹．污水脱氮工艺中外部碳源投加量外部简易计算方法[J]．给水排水，2011,37(11):38-41.
[16]钱静，高守有．高标准污水处理厂提标改造工程的设计与调试运行[J]．中国给水排水，2016,32(8):29-32.
[17]杨军，刘海鑫，孙晶．我国城镇污水处理厂建设及运行现状分析[J]．资源与环境，2017,43(7):210-211.
[2]国家环境保护总局．地表水环境质量标准:GB 3838—2002[S]．北京:中国环境科学出版社，2002.
[3]国家环境保护局．海水水质标准:GB 3097—1997[S]．北京:中国标准出版社，1997.
[4]孙迎雪，吴光学，胡洪营，等．基于达标保证率的昆明市污水处理厂出水水质评价[J]．中国环境科学，2013,33(6):1113-1119.
[5]刘爱萍，刘晓文，陈中颖，等．珠江三角洲地区城镇生活污染源调查及其排污总量核算[J]．中国环境科学，2011,31(增刊1):53-57.
[6]郝昊，王晓昌，张琼华，等．宜兴市城市污水处理厂的水污染特征分析[J]．环境工程学报，2015,9(2):567-571.
[7]李伟，卢东昱，陈永玲，等．北京市某污水厂基于准地表Ⅲ类水体出水标准的工程实践[J]．中国给水排水，2017,33(2):56-60.
[8]杨清，刘琳，郭淑琴．天津双林污水处理厂设计与Ⅳ类水排放标准改造探讨[J]．中国给水排水，2016,32(8):59-62.
[9]杜创，雷振，张铁源．深床滤池在污水厂地表Ⅳ类水提标改造中的应用[J]．中国给水排水，2017,33(8):99-103.
[10]冯硕，李振川，李艺．再生水厂平面布局分析与节地策略探讨[J]．中国给水排水，2016,32(4):59-62.
[11]李波，吴光学，胡洪营，等．昆明市污水处理厂运行综合评价[J]．环境工程学报，2014,8(10):4175-4182.
[12]杨凌波，曾思育，鞠宇平，等．我国城市污水处理厂能耗规律的统计分析与定量识别[J]．给水排水，2008,34(10):42-45.
[13]仇付国，张行，李辉．MBR污水处理工艺升级改造及运行效果分析[J]．中国给水排水，2016,32(4):55-58.
[14]张维，颜秀琴，张悦，等．我国城镇污水处理厂运行药耗分析[J]．中国给水排水，2017,33(4):103-108.
[15]周丹，周雹．污水脱氮工艺中外部碳源投加量外部简易计算方法[J]．给水排水，2011,37(11):38-41.
[16]钱静，高守有．高标准污水处理厂提标改造工程的设计与调试运行[J]．中国给水排水，2016,32(8):29-32.
[17]杨军，刘海鑫，孙晶．我国城镇污水处理厂建设及运行现状分析[J]．资源与环境，2017,43(7):210-211.
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