去除和添加凋落物对马尾松×红锥混交林土壤呼吸的影响
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摘要
为探讨凋落物输入量改变对马尾松×红锥混交林碳排放的影响,以马尾松×红锥异龄混交林为研究对象,通过添加和去除凋落物人为地改变碳输入,研究凋落物处理方式对土壤呼吸的影响。结果表明:(1)去除凋落物可降低土壤湿度、提高土壤温度,而添加凋落物则提高土壤湿度、降低土壤温度。去除凋落物使土壤年均呼吸速率显著降低27.88%,而添加凋落物则使土壤年均呼吸速率显著增加34.02%。(2)去除凋落物能降低四季的土壤呼吸累积排放量,而添加凋落物则提高四季的土壤呼吸累积排放量。对照、去除和添加凋落物的土壤呼吸的年累积排放量(以C计)分别为(9.51±0.12) t·hm~(-2)、(6.88±0.21) t·hm~(-2)和(12.70±0.53) t·hm~(-2),可见去除凋落物使土壤呼吸年累积排放量降低27.66%,而添加凋落物使土壤呼吸年累积排放量提高33.54%。(3)不同凋落物处理方式下土壤呼吸速率与土壤温度均呈显著相关,土壤温度解释了土壤呼吸速率变异程度的74.26%～94.28%。去除凋落物增加了土壤呼吸温度敏感性系数Q10值,而添加凋落物则降低Q10值。凋落物处理方式对马尾松×红锥异龄混交林土壤呼吸产生了显著影响,证明凋落物对于改变森林生态系统土壤呼吸和碳循环具有重要作用。
In order to investigate the effect of changes of litter input on the carbon emission of Pinus massoniana×Castanopsis hystrix mixed plantations,the P. massoniana ×C. hystrix mixed plantations was taken as the research object,and the effects of litter treatment on soil respiration were studied by adding and removing litter to artificially alter carbon input. The results showed that litter removal could reduce soil moisture and increase soil temperature,while litter addition increased soil moisture and decreased soil temperature. The removal of litter significantly reduced the average annual respiration rate of soil by 27.88%,while the addition of litter increased the annual average respiration rate of soil by 34.02%. The removal treatment of litter could reduce the cumulative emission of soil respiration in four seasons,while the addition of litter increased the cumulative emission of soil respiration in four seasons. The cumulative annual emission of soil respiration of control,litter removal and addition treatments was( 9.51±0.12) t·hm~(-2),( 6.88±0. 21) t·hm~(-2) and( 12.70±0.53) t·hm~(-2),respectively. The cumulative annual emission of soil respiration was reduced by 27.66% after the removal of litter treatment,while the addition of litter increased the cumulative annual emission of soil respiration by 33.54%. Soil respiration rate and soil temperature were significantly correlated with different litter treatments. Soil temperature explained 74.26% ～ 94.28% variation of soil respiration rate. The removal of litter treatment increased the soil respiration temperature sensitivity coefficient Q10,while the addition of litter decreased the Q10 value. Litter treatment had significant effects on soil respiration in the P.massoniana × C.hystrix mixed plantation,which proved that litter played an important role in changing soil respiration and carbon cycle of forest ecosystems.
In order to investigate the effect of changes of litter input on the carbon emission of Pinus massoniana×Castanopsis hystrix mixed plantations,the P. massoniana ×C. hystrix mixed plantations was taken as the research object,and the effects of litter treatment on soil respiration were studied by adding and removing litter to artificially alter carbon input. The results showed that litter removal could reduce soil moisture and increase soil temperature,while litter addition increased soil moisture and decreased soil temperature. The removal of litter significantly reduced the average annual respiration rate of soil by 27.88%,while the addition of litter increased the annual average respiration rate of soil by 34.02%. The removal treatment of litter could reduce the cumulative emission of soil respiration in four seasons,while the addition of litter increased the cumulative emission of soil respiration in four seasons. The cumulative annual emission of soil respiration of control,litter removal and addition treatments was( 9.51±0.12) t·hm~(-2),( 6.88±0. 21) t·hm~(-2) and( 12.70±0.53) t·hm~(-2),respectively. The cumulative annual emission of soil respiration was reduced by 27.66% after the removal of litter treatment,while the addition of litter increased the cumulative annual emission of soil respiration by 33.54%. Soil respiration rate and soil temperature were significantly correlated with different litter treatments. Soil temperature explained 74.26% ～ 94.28% variation of soil respiration rate. The removal of litter treatment increased the soil respiration temperature sensitivity coefficient Q10,while the addition of litter decreased the Q10 value. Litter treatment had significant effects on soil respiration in the P.massoniana × C.hystrix mixed plantation,which proved that litter played an important role in changing soil respiration and carbon cycle of forest ecosystems.
引文
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[32]韩天丰,周国逸,李跃林,等.中国南亚热带森林不同演替阶段土壤呼吸的分离量化[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(9):946-954.
[33]樊金娟,李丹丹,张心昱,等.北方温带森林不同海拔梯度土壤碳矿化速率及酶动力学参数温度敏感性[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):17-24.
[34]赵文君,吴鹏,崔迎春,等.喀斯特原生乔木林和次生林土壤呼吸研究[J].林业工程学报,2015,29(2):105-110.
[2]POST W M,EMANUEL W R,ZINKE P J,et al.Soil carbon pools and world life zones[J].Nature,1982,298(5870):156-159.
[3]VALENTINI R,MATTEUCCI G,DOLMAN A J,et al.Respiration as the main determinant of carbon balance in European forests[J].Nature,2000,404(6780):861.
[4]HOUGHTON R A.Aboveground forest biomass and the global carbon balance[J].Global Change Biology,2005,11(6):945-958.
[5]REY A,PEGORARO E,TEDESCHI V,et al.Annual variation in soil respiration and its components in a coppice oak forest in Central Italy[J].Global Change Biology,2002,8(9):851-866.
[6]FANG X,ZHAO L,ZHOU G,et al.Increased litter input increases litter decomposition and soil respiration but has minor effects on soil organic carbon in subtropical forests[J].Plant and Soil,2015,392(1/2):139-153.
[7]李晓杰,刘小飞,熊德成,等.中亚热带杉木人工林和米槠次生林凋落物添加与去除对土壤呼吸的影响[J].植物生态学报,2016,40(5):447-457.
[8]高强,马明睿,韩华,等.去除和添加凋落物对木荷林土壤呼吸的短期影响[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(5):1189-1197.
[9]王光军,田大伦,闫文德,等.改变凋落物输入对杉木人工林土壤呼吸的短期影响[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(4):739-747.
[10]王光军,田大伦,闫文德,等.去除和添加凋落物对枫香(Liquidambar formosana)和樟树(Cinnamomum camphora)林土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(2):643-652.
[11]LUO Y,WAN S,HUI D,et al.Acclimatization of soil respiration to warming in a tall grass prairie[J].Nature,2001,413(6856):622-625.
[12]XU M,QI Y.Spatial and seasonal variations of Q10determined by soil respiration measurements at a Sierra Nevadan forest[J].Global Biogeochemical Cycles,2001,15(3):687-696.
[13]KUZYAKOV Y.Ecology:Prime time for microbes[J].Nature Climate Change,2011,1(6):295-297.
[14]BOONE R D,NADELHOFFER K J,CANARY J D,et al.Roots exert a strong influence on the temperature sensitivityof soil respiration[J].Nature,1998,396(6711):570-572.
[15]WANG Q,HE T,WANG S,et al.Carbon input manipulation affects soil respiration and microbial community composition in a subtropical coniferous forest[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2013,178:152-160.
[16]SAYER E J,TANNER E V J,LACEY A L.Effects of litter manipulation on early-stage decomposition and meso-arthropod abundance in a tropical moist forest[J].Forest E-cology and Management,2006,229(1/2/3):285-293.
[17]王光军,田大伦,闫文德,等.马尾松林土壤呼吸对去除和添加凋落物处理的响应[J].林业科学,2009,45(1):27-30.
[18]彭信浩,韩海荣,徐小芳,等.间伐和改变凋落物输入对华北落叶松人工林土壤呼吸的影响[J].生态学报,2018,38(15):5351-5361.
[19]张超.凋落物对亚热带4种森林土壤呼吸的影响[D].长沙:中南林业科技大学,2013.
[20]LIU X,WAN S,SU B,et al.Response of soil CO2efflux to water manipulation in a tallgrass prairie ecosystem[J].Plant&Soil,2002,240(2):213-223.
[21]VOSE J M,RYAN M G.Seasonal respiration of foliage,fine roots,and woody tissues in relation to growth,tissue N,and photosynthesis[J].Global Change Biology,2002,8(2):182-193.
[22]朱宁.中亚热带不同常绿阔叶林群落土壤呼吸及其影响因素研究[D].福州:福建师范大学,2010.
[23]王光军,田大伦,闫文德,等.亚热带杉木和马尾松群落土壤系统呼吸及其影响因子[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(1):53-62.
[24]DAVIDSON E A,BELK E,BOONE R D.Soil water content and temperature as independent or confounded factors controlling soil respiration in a temperate mixed hardwood forest[J].Global Change Biology,1998,4(2):217-227.
[25]杨玉盛,陈光水,王小国,等.中国亚热带森林转换对土壤呼吸动态及通量的影响[J].生态学报,2005,25(7):1684-1690.
[26]RAICH J W,SCHLESINGER W H.The global carbon dioxide flux in soil respiration and its relationship to vegetation and climate[J].Tellus B:Chemical and Physical Meteorology,1992,44(2):81-99.
[27]KEITH H,JACOBSEN K L,RAISON R J.Effects of soil phosphorus availability,temperature and moisture on soil respiration in Eucalyptus pauciflora forest[J].Plant&Soil,1997,190(1):127-141.
[28]KIRSCHBAUM M U F.The temperature dependence of soil organic matter decomposition,and the effect of global warming on soil organic C storage[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,1995,27(27):753-760.
[29]ZHENG Z M,YU G R,FU Y L,et al.Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration is affected by prevailing climatic conditions and soil organic carbon content:A trans-China based case study[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2009,41(7):1531-1540.
[30]PENG S,PIAO S,TAO W,et al.Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration in different ecosystems in China[J].Soil Biology&Biochemistry,2009,41(5):1008-1014.
[31]牟守国.温带阔叶林、针叶林和针阔混交林土壤呼吸的比较研究[J].土壤学报,2004(4):564-570.
[32]韩天丰,周国逸,李跃林,等.中国南亚热带森林不同演替阶段土壤呼吸的分离量化[J].植物生态学报,2011,35(9):946-954.
[33]樊金娟,李丹丹,张心昱,等.北方温带森林不同海拔梯度土壤碳矿化速率及酶动力学参数温度敏感性[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):17-24.
[34]赵文君,吴鹏,崔迎春,等.喀斯特原生乔木林和次生林土壤呼吸研究[J].林业工程学报,2015,29(2):105-110.