文化经纪与活态遗产培育:比利时豪特姆年市及《保护非物质文化遗产公约》中的相关问题
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摘要
如何在保护非物质文化遗产的问题上进行反思,使乡村的行动者能够应对当前的现实和发展,是一项挑战。"豪特姆年市:圣利芬斯-豪特姆冬季集市及畜牧市场"是比利时2010年被列入"人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录"的遗产项目,反映了乡村背景下露天市场的集市和畜牧市场文化。从长远来看,关于项目最近(列入名录之前和之后)和当下的演变,应在更广泛的制度背景下加以考虑。考察该项目的演变,可以探讨调动非遗保护范式和/或遗产价值评估方法对其发展是否有益;反思通过短链或长途贸易产生的"集市"模式在21世纪的意义,特别是面临的与动物有关的问题。通过与《实施<保护非物质文化遗产公约>的业务指南》新增的第六章及处理问题的成果导向框架相结合,该项目也可以体现遗产概念或当代保护方法如何发挥作用。
引文
(1)MILLWARD(J.),The Silk Road:A Very Short Introduction,Oxford:Oxford University Press,2013,p.91-92.
(2)译者注:参见UNESCO官网2003年《公约》《基本文件》(2018年版):https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/2003_Convention_Basic_Texts-_2018_version-CH.pdf,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(1)Basic Texts of the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage,2018 Edition,UNESCO,https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/2003_Convention_Basic_Texts-_2018_version-EN.pdf。译者注:中文版参见《2003年〈保护非物质文化遗产公约〉基本文件》(2018年版本),UNESCO,https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/2003_Convention_Basic_Texts-_2018_version-CH.pdf,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(2)JACOBS(M.),Glocal Perspectives on Safeguarding:CGIs,ICH,Ethics and Cultural Brokerage,in:UESUGI(T.)&SHIBA(M.)(eds.),Glocal Perspectives on Intangible Cultural Heritage:Local Communities,Researchers,States and UNESCO,with the Special Focus on Global and National Perspectives,Tokyo:Seijo University,2017,pp.49-71;JACOBS(M.),La sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel et l’éthique,in:LEMPEREUR(F.)(ed.),Patrimoine culturel immatériel,Liège:Presses universitaires de Liège,2017,pp.247-259.
(3)LABADI(S.)&LOGAN(W.)(eds.),Urban Heritage,Development and Sustainability:International Frameworks,National and Local Governance,London&New York:Routledge,2016.
(4)JACOBS(M.),Bruegel and Burke were here!Examining the criteria implicit in the UNESCO paradigm of safeguarding ICH:the first decade,in:International Journal of Intangible Heritage,9(2014),pp.100-118.
(5)[比]Marc Jacobs撰,唐璐璐译:《不能孤立存在的社区---作为联合国教科文组织2003年〈保护非物质文化遗产公约〉防冻剂的“CGIs”与“遗产社区”》,《西北民族研究》2018年第2期。
(1)STAR(S.)&GRIESEMER(J.),Institutional Ecology,‘Translations,’and Boundary Objects:Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology,1907-1939,in:Social Studies of Science,19,1989,pp.387-420,p.393.
(2)BOWKER(G.),a.o.(eds.),Boundary Objects and Beyond:Working with Leigh Star,Cambridge MA&London:The Mit Press,2015.
(3)CASTRO-GONCALVES(L.),La face cachée d’une‘communautéde pratique technologique’,in:Revue De Gestion,Vol.5,No.174,2007,pp.149-169;WENGER(E.),Communities of Practice Learning,Meaning and Identity,New York:Cambridge University Press,1998;WENGER(E.)(ed.),Learning in Landscapes of Practice:Boundaries,identity,and knowledgeability in practice-based learning,London:Routledge,2014.
(4)WILLIAMS(P.),Collaboration in Public Policy and Practice.Perspectives on boundary spanners,Bristol:The Policy Press,2012,p.1;WILLIAMS(P.),Special Agents:The Nature and Role of Boundary Spanners,in:Paper to the ESRC Research Seminar Series-‘Collaborative Futures:New Insights from Intra and Inter-Sectoral Collaborations’,University of Birmingham,February 2010.
(5)MOSSE(D.)&LEWIS(D.),Theoretical Approaches to Brokerage and Translation in Development,in:LEWIS(D.)&MOSSE(D.)(eds.),Development Brokers and Translators:The Ethnography of Aid and Agencies,Bloomfield:Kumarian Press,2006,pp.1-26,p.2.
(6)MORSE(R.),Integrative public leadership:Catalyzing collaboration to create public value,in:The Leadership Quarterly,21,2010,pp.231-245,p.233.
(7)MORSE,Integrative public leadership:Catalyzing collaboration to create public value,p.231.
(8)MORSE,Integrative public leadership:Catalyzing collaboration to create public value,p.234.
(1)JACOBS(M.),Development Brokerage,Anthropology and Public Action.Local Empowerment,International Cooperation and Aid:Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage,in:Volkskunde.Tijdschrift over de cultuur van het dagelijks leven,115(2014),3,pp.299-318.
(2)译者注:比利时为联邦国家,由瓦隆(Wallonia)区、佛兰德斯(Flanders)区和布鲁塞尔-首都地区这三个文化自治的行政区组成。
(3)参见豪特姆年市官网的介绍,https://www.sint-lievens-houtem.be/?m=p1&page=slh&id=68&template=2&id2=0&level=1/,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(4)Communitas Feeling,出自维克多·特纳(Victor Turner)。
(1)译者注:参见UNESCO官网提名材料:https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/houtem-jaarmarkt-annual-winter-fair-and-livestock-market-at-sint-lievens-houtem-00403,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(2)SMEETS(R.),On the Third Source of Guidance for the Implementation of UNESCO’s Intangible Heritage Convention,in:The First ICH-Researchers Forum:The Implementation of UNESCO’s 2003 Convention,Final Report,3 June 2012,Paris,France,Sakai-City-Paris,2012,pp.71-86.
(3)要理解相关内容,需要了解莱因哈特·科泽勒克(Reinhart Koselleck)和弗朗索瓦·哈托格(Hartog)提出的“历史性机制”(historicity regimes)的概念。非遗保护范式是朝向当下的历史性机制的一部分。HARTOG(F.),Régimes d’historicité.Présentisme et expériences du temps,Paris:Editions du Seuil,2003;HARTOG(F.),Time and Heritage,in:Museum International,57,2005,pp.7-18;DELACROIX(C.)e.a.,Historicités,Paris:éditions la Découverte,2009;HAR-TOG(F.),Regimes of Historicity:Presentism and Experiences of Time,New York:Columbia University Press,2015.
(4)译者注:参见UNESCO官网提名材料:https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/houtem-jaarmarkt-annual-winter-fair-and-livestock-market-at-sint-lievens-houtem-00403,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(5)Handelingen der Maatschappij voor Geschiedenis en Oudheidkunde te Gent,UGent Open Access journals,https://ojs.ugent.be/hmgog/article/view/2/2,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(1)TRIO(P.),Handel en wandel met een heilige:Organisatie van en deelnemers aan de laatmiddeleeuwse Sint-Lievensprocessie vanuit de Gentse Sint-Baafsabdij naar Sint-Lievens-Houtem(tot 1540),in:Handelingen der Maatschappij voor de Geschiedenis en Oudheidkunde te Gent,LXI,2007,pp.83-104.
(2)ARNADE(P.),Realms of ritual:Burgundian ceremony and civic life in late medieval Ghent,New York:Cornell University Press,1996,p.56.
(3)ARNADE,Realms of ritual:Burgundian ceremony and civic life in late medieval Ghent,p.55.
(1)ARNADE,Realms of ritual:Burgundian ceremony and civic life in late medieval Ghent,pp.145-158.
(2)译者注:包括现在的荷兰、比利时和卢森堡。
(3)ARNADE,Realms of ritual:Burgundian ceremony and civic life in late medieval Ghent,pp.205-208.
(4)译者注:参见UNESCO官网提名材料:https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/houtem-jaarmarkt-annual-winter-fair-and-livestock-market-at-sint-lievens-houtem-00403,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(1)参见:https://www.sint-lievens-houtem.be/?m=p1&page=slh&id=68&id2=902&id3=900&idS=900&level=3&template=2&pag=902,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(2)BIE(J.de),Hoe gaan betrokken actoren om met controverse rond immaterieel cultureel erfgoed?De visie en het beleid toegepast op elementen op de Inventaris Vlaanderen voor Immaterieel Cultureel Erfgoed,Gent:University Ghent/MA thesis in history,2014.
(3)同上,p.46.
(1)当时是奈尔·贝斯(Nele Buys)。
(2)BIE,Hoe gaan betrokken actoren om met controverse rond immaterieel cultureel erfgoed?De visie en het beleid toegepast op controversi?le elementen op de Inventaris Vlaanderen voor Immaterieel Cultureel Erfgoed,p.47.
(3)参见佛兰德斯非物质文化遗产网,https://immaterieelerfgoed.be/nl/erfgoederen/houtem-jaarmarkt,访问日期:2019年4月16日;以及YouT ube网站的视频资料,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEIrRTBZJ-M,访问日期:2019年4月16日。。
(4)CASTELEYN(L.),JANSSENS(E.)&NEYRINCK(J.),Six Years of Experience in Intangible Heritage Mediation in Flanders(Belgium):From Cultural Heritage Cells and an ICH Network to www.immaterieelerfgoed.be,in:Volkskunde.Tijdschrift over de cultuur van het dagelijks leven,115,2014,pp.387-404.
(5)参见Erfgoedcel Viersprong官网,https://erfgoedviersprong.be/,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(6)参见Erfgoedcel Viersprong网站对于豪特姆年市相关活动的介绍,https://erfgoedviersprong.be/?s=Houtem,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(7)参见历史与遗产志愿者协会网站,https://heemkundehoutem.wordpress.com/,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(1)译者注:参见UNESCO官网提名材料:https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/houtem-jaarmarkt-annual-winter-fair-and-livestock-market-at-sint-lievens-houtem-00403,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(2)https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/content/kashghar;http://www.traveller.com.au/hanging-by-a-thread-f7rv#ixzz5WAHcPury;ELI(A.),DONKEY BAZAAR,A BAZAAR OF HELL:An investigation into donkeys and donkey trading in Kashgar,Xinjiang,China,in:WOOD(A.)(ed.),Economic action in theory and practice:anthropological investigations,Bingley:Emerald Group Publishing Limited,2010,pp.159-187,p.163.
(3)BIE,Hoe gaan betrokken actoren om met controverse rond immaterieel cultureel erfgoed?De visie en het beleid toegepast op controversi?le elementen op de Inventaris Vlaanderen voor Immaterieel Cultureel Erfgoed,p.106.
(4)BIE,Hoe gaan betrokken actoren om met controverse rond immaterieel cultureel erfgoed?De visie en het beleid toegepast op controversi?le elementen op de Inventaris Vlaanderen voor Immaterieel Cultureel Erfgoed,p.70.
(2)译者注:参见UNESCO官网2003年《公约》《基本文件》(2018年版):https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/2003_Convention_Basic_Texts-_2018_version-CH.pdf,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(1)Basic Texts of the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage,2018 Edition,UNESCO,https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/2003_Convention_Basic_Texts-_2018_version-EN.pdf。译者注:中文版参见《2003年〈保护非物质文化遗产公约〉基本文件》(2018年版本),UNESCO,https://ich.unesco.org/doc/src/2003_Convention_Basic_Texts-_2018_version-CH.pdf,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(2)JACOBS(M.),Glocal Perspectives on Safeguarding:CGIs,ICH,Ethics and Cultural Brokerage,in:UESUGI(T.)&SHIBA(M.)(eds.),Glocal Perspectives on Intangible Cultural Heritage:Local Communities,Researchers,States and UNESCO,with the Special Focus on Global and National Perspectives,Tokyo:Seijo University,2017,pp.49-71;JACOBS(M.),La sauvegarde du patrimoine culturel immatériel et l’éthique,in:LEMPEREUR(F.)(ed.),Patrimoine culturel immatériel,Liège:Presses universitaires de Liège,2017,pp.247-259.
(3)LABADI(S.)&LOGAN(W.)(eds.),Urban Heritage,Development and Sustainability:International Frameworks,National and Local Governance,London&New York:Routledge,2016.
(4)JACOBS(M.),Bruegel and Burke were here!Examining the criteria implicit in the UNESCO paradigm of safeguarding ICH:the first decade,in:International Journal of Intangible Heritage,9(2014),pp.100-118.
(5)[比]Marc Jacobs撰,唐璐璐译:《不能孤立存在的社区---作为联合国教科文组织2003年〈保护非物质文化遗产公约〉防冻剂的“CGIs”与“遗产社区”》,《西北民族研究》2018年第2期。
(1)STAR(S.)&GRIESEMER(J.),Institutional Ecology,‘Translations,’and Boundary Objects:Amateurs and Professionals in Berkeley’s Museum of Vertebrate Zoology,1907-1939,in:Social Studies of Science,19,1989,pp.387-420,p.393.
(2)BOWKER(G.),a.o.(eds.),Boundary Objects and Beyond:Working with Leigh Star,Cambridge MA&London:The Mit Press,2015.
(3)CASTRO-GONCALVES(L.),La face cachée d’une‘communautéde pratique technologique’,in:Revue De Gestion,Vol.5,No.174,2007,pp.149-169;WENGER(E.),Communities of Practice Learning,Meaning and Identity,New York:Cambridge University Press,1998;WENGER(E.)(ed.),Learning in Landscapes of Practice:Boundaries,identity,and knowledgeability in practice-based learning,London:Routledge,2014.
(4)WILLIAMS(P.),Collaboration in Public Policy and Practice.Perspectives on boundary spanners,Bristol:The Policy Press,2012,p.1;WILLIAMS(P.),Special Agents:The Nature and Role of Boundary Spanners,in:Paper to the ESRC Research Seminar Series-‘Collaborative Futures:New Insights from Intra and Inter-Sectoral Collaborations’,University of Birmingham,February 2010.
(5)MOSSE(D.)&LEWIS(D.),Theoretical Approaches to Brokerage and Translation in Development,in:LEWIS(D.)&MOSSE(D.)(eds.),Development Brokers and Translators:The Ethnography of Aid and Agencies,Bloomfield:Kumarian Press,2006,pp.1-26,p.2.
(6)MORSE(R.),Integrative public leadership:Catalyzing collaboration to create public value,in:The Leadership Quarterly,21,2010,pp.231-245,p.233.
(7)MORSE,Integrative public leadership:Catalyzing collaboration to create public value,p.231.
(8)MORSE,Integrative public leadership:Catalyzing collaboration to create public value,p.234.
(1)JACOBS(M.),Development Brokerage,Anthropology and Public Action.Local Empowerment,International Cooperation and Aid:Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage,in:Volkskunde.Tijdschrift over de cultuur van het dagelijks leven,115(2014),3,pp.299-318.
(2)译者注:比利时为联邦国家,由瓦隆(Wallonia)区、佛兰德斯(Flanders)区和布鲁塞尔-首都地区这三个文化自治的行政区组成。
(3)参见豪特姆年市官网的介绍,https://www.sint-lievens-houtem.be/?m=p1&page=slh&id=68&template=2&id2=0&level=1/,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(4)Communitas Feeling,出自维克多·特纳(Victor Turner)。
(1)译者注:参见UNESCO官网提名材料:https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/houtem-jaarmarkt-annual-winter-fair-and-livestock-market-at-sint-lievens-houtem-00403,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(2)SMEETS(R.),On the Third Source of Guidance for the Implementation of UNESCO’s Intangible Heritage Convention,in:The First ICH-Researchers Forum:The Implementation of UNESCO’s 2003 Convention,Final Report,3 June 2012,Paris,France,Sakai-City-Paris,2012,pp.71-86.
(3)要理解相关内容,需要了解莱因哈特·科泽勒克(Reinhart Koselleck)和弗朗索瓦·哈托格(Hartog)提出的“历史性机制”(historicity regimes)的概念。非遗保护范式是朝向当下的历史性机制的一部分。HARTOG(F.),Régimes d’historicité.Présentisme et expériences du temps,Paris:Editions du Seuil,2003;HARTOG(F.),Time and Heritage,in:Museum International,57,2005,pp.7-18;DELACROIX(C.)e.a.,Historicités,Paris:éditions la Découverte,2009;HAR-TOG(F.),Regimes of Historicity:Presentism and Experiences of Time,New York:Columbia University Press,2015.
(4)译者注:参见UNESCO官网提名材料:https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/houtem-jaarmarkt-annual-winter-fair-and-livestock-market-at-sint-lievens-houtem-00403,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(5)Handelingen der Maatschappij voor Geschiedenis en Oudheidkunde te Gent,UGent Open Access journals,https://ojs.ugent.be/hmgog/article/view/2/2,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(1)TRIO(P.),Handel en wandel met een heilige:Organisatie van en deelnemers aan de laatmiddeleeuwse Sint-Lievensprocessie vanuit de Gentse Sint-Baafsabdij naar Sint-Lievens-Houtem(tot 1540),in:Handelingen der Maatschappij voor de Geschiedenis en Oudheidkunde te Gent,LXI,2007,pp.83-104.
(2)ARNADE(P.),Realms of ritual:Burgundian ceremony and civic life in late medieval Ghent,New York:Cornell University Press,1996,p.56.
(3)ARNADE,Realms of ritual:Burgundian ceremony and civic life in late medieval Ghent,p.55.
(1)ARNADE,Realms of ritual:Burgundian ceremony and civic life in late medieval Ghent,pp.145-158.
(2)译者注:包括现在的荷兰、比利时和卢森堡。
(3)ARNADE,Realms of ritual:Burgundian ceremony and civic life in late medieval Ghent,pp.205-208.
(4)译者注:参见UNESCO官网提名材料:https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/houtem-jaarmarkt-annual-winter-fair-and-livestock-market-at-sint-lievens-houtem-00403,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(1)参见:https://www.sint-lievens-houtem.be/?m=p1&page=slh&id=68&id2=902&id3=900&idS=900&level=3&template=2&pag=902,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(2)BIE(J.de),Hoe gaan betrokken actoren om met controverse rond immaterieel cultureel erfgoed?De visie en het beleid toegepast op elementen op de Inventaris Vlaanderen voor Immaterieel Cultureel Erfgoed,Gent:University Ghent/MA thesis in history,2014.
(3)同上,p.46.
(1)当时是奈尔·贝斯(Nele Buys)。
(2)BIE,Hoe gaan betrokken actoren om met controverse rond immaterieel cultureel erfgoed?De visie en het beleid toegepast op controversi?le elementen op de Inventaris Vlaanderen voor Immaterieel Cultureel Erfgoed,p.47.
(3)参见佛兰德斯非物质文化遗产网,https://immaterieelerfgoed.be/nl/erfgoederen/houtem-jaarmarkt,访问日期:2019年4月16日;以及YouT ube网站的视频资料,https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XEIrRTBZJ-M,访问日期:2019年4月16日。。
(4)CASTELEYN(L.),JANSSENS(E.)&NEYRINCK(J.),Six Years of Experience in Intangible Heritage Mediation in Flanders(Belgium):From Cultural Heritage Cells and an ICH Network to www.immaterieelerfgoed.be,in:Volkskunde.Tijdschrift over de cultuur van het dagelijks leven,115,2014,pp.387-404.
(5)参见Erfgoedcel Viersprong官网,https://erfgoedviersprong.be/,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(6)参见Erfgoedcel Viersprong网站对于豪特姆年市相关活动的介绍,https://erfgoedviersprong.be/?s=Houtem,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(7)参见历史与遗产志愿者协会网站,https://heemkundehoutem.wordpress.com/,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(1)译者注:参见UNESCO官网提名材料:https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/houtem-jaarmarkt-annual-winter-fair-and-livestock-market-at-sint-lievens-houtem-00403,访问日期:2019年4月16日。
(2)https://en.unesco.org/silkroad/content/kashghar;http://www.traveller.com.au/hanging-by-a-thread-f7rv#ixzz5WAHcPury;ELI(A.),DONKEY BAZAAR,A BAZAAR OF HELL:An investigation into donkeys and donkey trading in Kashgar,Xinjiang,China,in:WOOD(A.)(ed.),Economic action in theory and practice:anthropological investigations,Bingley:Emerald Group Publishing Limited,2010,pp.159-187,p.163.
(3)BIE,Hoe gaan betrokken actoren om met controverse rond immaterieel cultureel erfgoed?De visie en het beleid toegepast op controversi?le elementen op de Inventaris Vlaanderen voor Immaterieel Cultureel Erfgoed,p.106.
(4)BIE,Hoe gaan betrokken actoren om met controverse rond immaterieel cultureel erfgoed?De visie en het beleid toegepast op controversi?le elementen op de Inventaris Vlaanderen voor Immaterieel Cultureel Erfgoed,p.70.
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