二沉池出水有机物表征及膜污染机理分析
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摘要
采用树脂分级将二沉池出水有机物(effluent organic matter, EfOM)根据官能团分类,采用红外光谱、荧光光谱、排阻色谱等多种表征方式对EfOM及其分级组成的化学组成进行分析。考察了EfOM及其分级组成的膜通量随时间的变化曲线,研究了二沉池出水主要的膜污染组分以及膜污染模型机理。结果表明,憎水性有机物组分(hydrophobic, HPO)主要为芳香烃类有机酸,胶体有机物组分(organic colloidal, OC)主要为蛋白质类有机物,过渡亲水性有机物组分(transphilic,TPI)主要是有机酸和多糖。膜污染严重程度依次为OC>EfOM>HPO>TPI,在过滤初期,OC和EfOM中的大分子有机物会快速堵塞膜孔并引起膜通量的剧烈下降。另外,OC和TPI组分会与膜表面发生相互作用,导致不可逆膜污染偏高。对于实际水体EfOM及其各分级组分,滤饼层过滤是超滤后期主要膜污染机理,超滤实验初期的膜污染可能是多种膜污染机理共同作用的结果。研究识别了EfOM的主要污染成分和主要膜污染机理,为超滤工艺深度处理二沉池出水提供了理论指导。
Effluent organic matter(EfOM) was fractioned by resin according to the functional group, and the chemical compositions of EfOM and its fractional components were analyzed by infrared spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and size exclusion chromatography. The variation curve of membrane flux with the time was investigated, and the main components and mechanism of membrane fouling were also studied. The results showed that the hydrophobic(HPO) fraction was mainly aromatic hydrocarbon organic acids, the organic matters in colloidal organic(OC) fraction were mainly biological protein, and transphilic(TPI) fraction mainly consist of organic acids as well as polysaccharides from the biological cell wall. Severity of membrane pollution was in the order: OC > EfOM > HPO > TPI. At the initial stage of membrane filtration, the size and crosslinking ability of macromolecular organic matter in OC and EfOM can cause significant pore blocking and decline of membrane flux. Due to the interactions between OC or TPI fractions and the membrane surface, the proportion of the irreversible membrane fouling was high. For EfOM and its fractions, cake layer filtration was the main fouling mechanism at the later stage of ultrafiltration, while at the initial stage of ultrafiltration, a combination of different membrane fouling mechanisms could contribute to membrane fouling. This study revealed the main pollution components and membrane fouling mechanism, and provided a theoretical guidance for advanced treatment of secondary effluent with ultrafiltration.
Effluent organic matter(EfOM) was fractioned by resin according to the functional group, and the chemical compositions of EfOM and its fractional components were analyzed by infrared spectrum, fluorescence spectrum and size exclusion chromatography. The variation curve of membrane flux with the time was investigated, and the main components and mechanism of membrane fouling were also studied. The results showed that the hydrophobic(HPO) fraction was mainly aromatic hydrocarbon organic acids, the organic matters in colloidal organic(OC) fraction were mainly biological protein, and transphilic(TPI) fraction mainly consist of organic acids as well as polysaccharides from the biological cell wall. Severity of membrane pollution was in the order: OC > EfOM > HPO > TPI. At the initial stage of membrane filtration, the size and crosslinking ability of macromolecular organic matter in OC and EfOM can cause significant pore blocking and decline of membrane flux. Due to the interactions between OC or TPI fractions and the membrane surface, the proportion of the irreversible membrane fouling was high. For EfOM and its fractions, cake layer filtration was the main fouling mechanism at the later stage of ultrafiltration, while at the initial stage of ultrafiltration, a combination of different membrane fouling mechanisms could contribute to membrane fouling. This study revealed the main pollution components and membrane fouling mechanism, and provided a theoretical guidance for advanced treatment of secondary effluent with ultrafiltration.
引文
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[15] HUANG H, SCHWAB K, JACANGELO J G. Development of a robust bench-scale testing unit for low-pressure membranes used in water treatment[J]. Membrane Water Treatment, 2011, 2(2):121-136.
[16] HUANG H, YOUNG T A, JACANGELO J G. Unified membrane fouling index for low pressure membrane filtration of natural waters:Principles and methodology[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2008, 42(3):714-720.
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[18] HERMIA J. Constant pressure blocking filtration law application to powder-law non-newtonian fluid[J]. Institution of Chemical Engineers Transactions, 1982, 60:183-187.
[19] CHEN W, WESTERHOFF P, LEENHEER J A, et al. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2003, 37(24):5701-5710.
[20] BARBER L B, LEENHEER J A, NOYES T I, et al. Nature and transformation of dissolved organic matter in treatment wetlands[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2001, 35(24):4805-4816.
[21] LEENHEER J A. Systematic approaches to comprehensive analyses of natural organic matter[J]. Annals of Environmental Science, 2009, 3:1-130.
[22] JIN P, JIN X, BJERKELUND V A, et al. A study on the reactivity characteristics of dissolved effluent organic matter(EfOM)from municipal wastewater treatment plant during ozonation[J]. Water Research, 2016, 88:643-652.
[23] FILLOUX E, GALLARD H, CROUE J P. Identification of effluent organic matter fractions responsible for low-pressure membrane fouling[J]. Water Research, 2012, 46(17):5531-5540.
[24] XIAO K, WANG X, HUANG X, et al. Combined effect of membrane and foulant hydrophobicity and surface charge on adsorptive fouling during microfiltration[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2011, 373(1):140-151.
[2] MICHAEL I, MICHAEL C, DUAN X, et al. Dissolved effluent organic matter:Characteristics and potential implications in wastewater treatment and reuse applications[J]. Water Research, 2015, 77:213-248.
[3] HABERKAMP J, ERNST M, B?CKELMANN U, et al. Complexity of ultrafiltration membrane fouling caused by macromolecular dissolved organic compounds in secondary effluents[J]. Water Research, 2008, 42(12):3153-3161.
[4] FILLOUX E, LABANOWSKI J, CROUE J P. Understanding the fouling of UF/MF hollow fibres of biologically treated wastewaters using advanced EfOM characterization and statistical tools[J]. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 118:460-468.
[5] SHON H K, VIGNESWARAN S, SNYDER S A. Effluent organic matter(EfOM)in wastewater:Constituents, effects, and treatment[J]. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2006, 36(4):327-374.
[6] ZHENG X, KHAN M T, CROUE J P. Contribution of effluent organic matter(EfOM)to ultrafiltration(UF)membrane fouling:Isolation, characterization, and fouling effect of EfOM fractions[J]. Water Research, 2014, 65:414-424.
[7] KIM H C, DEMPSEY B A. Effects of wastewater effluent organic materials on fouling in ultrafiltration[J]. Water Research,2008, 42(13):3379-3384.
[8] SHON H K, VIGNESWARAN S, KIM I S, et al. Fouling of ultrafiltration membrane by effluent organic matter:A detailed characterization using different organic fractions in wastewater[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2006, 278(1/2):232-238.
[9]肖萍,肖峰,赵锦辉,等.采用膜污染指数评估天然有机物在低压超滤膜中的污染行为[J].环境科学, 2012, 33(12):4322-4328.
[10] NGUYEN A H, TOBIASON J E, HOWE K J. Fouling indices for low pressure hollow fiber membrane performance assessment[J]. Water Research, 2011, 45(8):2627-2637.
[11] PETER V M, MARGOT J, TRABER J, et al. Mechanisms of membrane fouling during ultra-low pressure ultrafiltration[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2011, 377(1/2):42-53.
[12] MATILAINEN A, VEPSALAINEN M, SILLANPAA M. Natural organic matter removal by coagulation during drinking water treatment:A review[J]. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 2010, 159(2):189-197.
[13] XIONG X, WU X, ZHANG B, et al. The interaction between effluent organic matter fractions and Al2(SO4)3identified by fluorescence parallel factor analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2018, 555:418-428.
[14] WANG Z, TEYCHENE B, ABBOTT T E, et al. Aluminum-humic colloid formation during pre-coagulation for membrane water treatment:Mechanisms and impacts[J]. Water Research, 2014, 61:171-180.
[15] HUANG H, SCHWAB K, JACANGELO J G. Development of a robust bench-scale testing unit for low-pressure membranes used in water treatment[J]. Membrane Water Treatment, 2011, 2(2):121-136.
[16] HUANG H, YOUNG T A, JACANGELO J G. Unified membrane fouling index for low pressure membrane filtration of natural waters:Principles and methodology[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2008, 42(3):714-720.
[17] ZHENG X, ERNST M, HUCK P M, et al. Biopolymer fouling in dead-end ultrafiltration of treated domestic wastewater[J].Water Research, 2010, 44(18):5212-5221.
[18] HERMIA J. Constant pressure blocking filtration law application to powder-law non-newtonian fluid[J]. Institution of Chemical Engineers Transactions, 1982, 60:183-187.
[19] CHEN W, WESTERHOFF P, LEENHEER J A, et al. Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix regional integration to quantify spectra for dissolved organic matter[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2003, 37(24):5701-5710.
[20] BARBER L B, LEENHEER J A, NOYES T I, et al. Nature and transformation of dissolved organic matter in treatment wetlands[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2001, 35(24):4805-4816.
[21] LEENHEER J A. Systematic approaches to comprehensive analyses of natural organic matter[J]. Annals of Environmental Science, 2009, 3:1-130.
[22] JIN P, JIN X, BJERKELUND V A, et al. A study on the reactivity characteristics of dissolved effluent organic matter(EfOM)from municipal wastewater treatment plant during ozonation[J]. Water Research, 2016, 88:643-652.
[23] FILLOUX E, GALLARD H, CROUE J P. Identification of effluent organic matter fractions responsible for low-pressure membrane fouling[J]. Water Research, 2012, 46(17):5531-5540.
[24] XIAO K, WANG X, HUANG X, et al. Combined effect of membrane and foulant hydrophobicity and surface charge on adsorptive fouling during microfiltration[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2011, 373(1):140-151.
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