湖泊底泥黑臭因子分析及其消除的关键因子调控策略
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摘要
对安徽省安庆市东大湖和西小湖黑臭底泥进行了特征因子分析,发现酸性缺氧环境下,底泥中致黑臭因子的特征是:从排污口往下游,COD浓度总体下降,ORP值总体上升,TN和TP浓度下降趋势较平缓,对ORP值影响较小;COD一方面通过厌氧代谢直接影响氨氮、硫化物、Fe~(2+)和Mn~(2+)等黑臭生成物的形成,另一方面通过改变ORP值影响这些物质的生成;TN和TP不是引起底泥黑臭的主要原因;距离污染源较远的湖体中,气象、水文、地形等自然因素对ORP值的影响变得明显;严重黑臭的水体中底泥厌氧菌的数量及其分泌的有关酶类活性是底泥黑臭的关键因子。研究表明治理底泥黑臭污染应抑制底泥厌氧菌活动及其相关酶活性,改变沉积物在底泥中的代谢方向。
The study analyzed characteristic factors of the black-odor sediment in Eastern Great Lake and Western Little Lake in Anqing City of Anhui. It was found that under the acid and hypoxia environment,the concentration of COD from the outfall to the downstream decreased on the whole and the ORP value increased overall,the TN and TP concentration decreased slowly,which had a tiny effect on the ORP value. COD affected the formation of Fe~(2+),Mn~(2+),sulfide and ammonia nitrogen on the one hand by anaerobic metabolism,on the other hand,COD changed the ORP value to influence the formation of black-odor matter. TN and TP were not the main causes of black-odor sediment pollution. The quantity of anaerobic bacteria and the activity of enzymes produced by the bacteria in the sediment were the key factors. This study proposed that the black-odor sediment pollution should focus on the inhibitory actions of anaerobic bacteria and their related enzyme activities,and the change of the metabolism direction of the sediment.
The study analyzed characteristic factors of the black-odor sediment in Eastern Great Lake and Western Little Lake in Anqing City of Anhui. It was found that under the acid and hypoxia environment,the concentration of COD from the outfall to the downstream decreased on the whole and the ORP value increased overall,the TN and TP concentration decreased slowly,which had a tiny effect on the ORP value. COD affected the formation of Fe~(2+),Mn~(2+),sulfide and ammonia nitrogen on the one hand by anaerobic metabolism,on the other hand,COD changed the ORP value to influence the formation of black-odor matter. TN and TP were not the main causes of black-odor sediment pollution. The quantity of anaerobic bacteria and the activity of enzymes produced by the bacteria in the sediment were the key factors. This study proposed that the black-odor sediment pollution should focus on the inhibitory actions of anaerobic bacteria and their related enzyme activities,and the change of the metabolism direction of the sediment.
引文
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[23]Wang,G.,Li,X.,Fang,Y.,Huang,R.Analysis on the formation condition of the algae-induced odorous black water agglomerate[J].Saudi J.Biological Sci,2014,21(6):597-604.
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[25]Senga,Y.,Okumura,M.,Seike,Y.Seasonal and spatial variation in the denitrifying activity in estuarine and lagoonal sediments[J].Oceanogr,2010,66(1):155-160.
[26]郑倩玉,刘硕,万鲁河,等.松花江哈尔滨段水环境质量评价及污染源解析[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(3):507-513.
[27]代进锋,李畅游,张生,等.乌梁素海水质指标的主成分分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2007(b10):400-405.
[28]Lu,Q.,Luo,Q.S.,Li,H.,Di L.Y.,Gu,J.D.,Lin,K.F.Characterization of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons and environmental variables in a shallow groundwater in Shanghai using kriging interpolation and multifactorial analysis[J].PloS.One,2015,10(11):e0142241.
[29]李佳琦,戴华阳,李家国,等.城区重度污染水体遥感识别研究[J].测绘通报,2018(5):54-58,140.
[30]Lu,Q.,Luo,Q.S.,Li,H.,Di L.Y.,Gu,J.D.,Lin,K.F.Characterization of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons and environmental variables in a shallow groundwater in Shanghai using kriging interpolation and multifactorial analysis[J].PloS.One,2015,10(11):e0142241.
[2]Feng,Z.,Fan,C.,Huang,W.,Ding,S.Microorganisms and typical organic matter responsible for lacustrine “black bloom”[J].Sci.Total Enivron,2014( 470):1-8.
[3]Wu,Z.,Zhou H.,Peng,X.,Li J.,Chen,G.Rates of bacterial sulfate reduction and their response to experimental temperature changes in coastal sediments of Qi'ao Island,Zhujiang River Estuary in China[J].Acta.Oceanol.Sin,2014,33(8):10-17.
[4]Zhang,X.J.,Chen,C.,Ding,J.Q.,Hou,A.,Li,Y.,Niu,Z.B.,Laws,E.A.The 2007 water crisis in Wuxi,China:analysis of the origin[J].Hazard.Mater,2010,182(1):130-135.
[5]孙淑雲,古小治,张启超,等.水草腐烂引发的黑臭水体应急处置技术研究[J].湖泊科学,2016,28(3):485-493.
[6]Wan,Y.,Ruan,X.,Wang,X.,Ma,Q.,Lu,X.Odour emission characteristics of 22 recreational rivers in Nanjing[J].Environ.Monit.Assess,2014,186(10):6061-6081.
[7]Broman,E.,Sj?stedt,J.,Pinhassi,J.,and Dopson,M.Shifts in coastal sediment oxygenation cause pronounced changes in microbial community composition and associated metabolism[J].Microbiome ,2017,5(1):96-104.
[8]Zhang,C.,Yu,Z.G.,Zeng,G.,M.,Jiang,M.,Yang,Z.Z.,Cui,F.,Hu,L.Effects of sediment geochemical properties on heavy metal bioavailability[J].Environ.Int,2014(73):270-281.
[9]程洁红,周全法,朱南文.自热式高温好氧消化工艺的氧化还原电位研究[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(4):484-489.
[10]Levar,C.E.,Hoffman,C.L.,Dunshee,A.J.,Toner,B.M.,Bond,D.R.Redox potential as a master variable controlling pathways of metal reduction by Geobacter sulfurreducens[J].The Isme.Journal,2017,11(3):741-752.
[11]Sánchez-Andrea,I.,Stams,A.J.,Hedrich,S.,ancucheo,I.,Johnson,D.B.Desulfosporosinus acididurans sp.nov.:an acidophilic sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from acidic sediments[J].Extremophiles,2015,19(1):39-47.
[12]Ding,Y.,Qin,B.,Xu,H.,Wang,X.Effects of sediment and turbulence on alkaline phosphatase activity and photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton in the shallow hyper-eutrophic Lake Taihu,China[J].Environ.Sci.Pollut.Res,2016,23(16):16183-16193.
[13]Worsfold,P.J.,Monbet,P.,Tappin,A.D.,Fitzsimons,M.F.,Stiles,D.A.,McKelvie,I.D.Characterisation and quantification of organic phosphorus and organic nitrogen components in aquatic systems:a review[J].Anal.Chim.Acta,2008,624(1):37-58.
[14]覃仙玲,陈波,赖俊翔,等.钦州湾磷营养状态与浮游植物的碱性磷酸酶活性分析[J].海洋通报,2018(2).169-176.
[15]Labry,C.,Delmas,D.,Youenou,A.,Quere,J.,Leynaert,A.,Fraisse,S.,Ragueneau,O.High alkaline phosphatase activity in phosphate replete waters:The case of two macrotidal estuaries[J].Limnol.Oceanogr,2016,61(4):1513-1529.
[16]Siuda,W.,Chróst,R.J.Utilization of selected dissolved organic phosphorus compounds by bacteria in lake water under non-limiting orthophosphate conditions[J].Pol.J.Environ.Stud.,2001,10(6):475-484.
[17]Lam,P.,Lavik,G.,Jensen,M.M.,Vossenberg,J.V.D.,Schmid,M.,Woebken,D.,Kuypers,M.M.Revising the nitrogen cycle in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone[J].P.Natl.A.Sci.India.B,2009,106(12):4752-4757.
[18]Thamdrup,B.,Dalsgaard,T.Production of N2 through anaerobic ammonium oxidation coupled to nitrate reduction in marine sediments[J].Appl.Environ.Microb,2002,68(3):1312-1318.
[19]Prachakittikul,P.,Wantawin,C.,Noophan,P.,Boonapatcharoen,N.Anammox-like performances for nitrogen removal from ammonium-sulfate-rich wastewater in an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor[J].Environ.Sci.Heal.B.Part A,2016,51(3):220-228.
[20]Jetten,M.S.,Strous,M.,Pas-Schoonen,K.T.V.D.,Schalk,J.,Dongen,U.G.V.,Graaf,A.V.D.,Kuenen,J.G.The anaerobic oxidation of ammonium[J].Fems Microbiol.Rev,1998,22(5):421-437.
[21]Mulder,A.,Graaf,A.V.D.Robertson,L.A.,Kuenen,J.G.Anaerobic ammonium oxidation discovered in a denitrifying fluidized bed reactor[J].Fems.Microbiol.Ecol,1995,16(3):177-183.
[22]Munger,Z.W.,Carey,C.C.,Gerling,A.B.,Hamre,K.D.,Doubek,J.P.,Klepatzki,S.D.,Schreiber,M.E.Effectiveness of hypolimnetic oxygenation for preventing accumulation of Fe and Mn in a drinking water reservoir[J].Water Res,2016(106):1-14.
[23]Wang,G.,Li,X.,Fang,Y.,Huang,R.Analysis on the formation condition of the algae-induced odorous black water agglomerate[J].Saudi J.Biological Sci,2014,21(6):597-604.
[24]Wu,B.,Tian,J.,Bai,C.,Xiang,M.,Sun,J.,Liu,X.The biogeography of fungal communities in wetland sediments along the Changjiang River and other sites in China[J].The Isme,2013,7(7):1299-1309.
[25]Senga,Y.,Okumura,M.,Seike,Y.Seasonal and spatial variation in the denitrifying activity in estuarine and lagoonal sediments[J].Oceanogr,2010,66(1):155-160.
[26]郑倩玉,刘硕,万鲁河,等.松花江哈尔滨段水环境质量评价及污染源解析[J].环境科学研究,2018,31(3):507-513.
[27]代进锋,李畅游,张生,等.乌梁素海水质指标的主成分分析[J].农业环境科学学报,2007(b10):400-405.
[28]Lu,Q.,Luo,Q.S.,Li,H.,Di L.Y.,Gu,J.D.,Lin,K.F.Characterization of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons and environmental variables in a shallow groundwater in Shanghai using kriging interpolation and multifactorial analysis[J].PloS.One,2015,10(11):e0142241.
[29]李佳琦,戴华阳,李家国,等.城区重度污染水体遥感识别研究[J].测绘通报,2018(5):54-58,140.
[30]Lu,Q.,Luo,Q.S.,Li,H.,Di L.Y.,Gu,J.D.,Lin,K.F.Characterization of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons and environmental variables in a shallow groundwater in Shanghai using kriging interpolation and multifactorial analysis[J].PloS.One,2015,10(11):e0142241.
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