武陵山片区旅游扶贫效果分析
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摘要
[目的]分析武陵山片区旅游扶贫的现状,对旅游扶贫效果进行评价,以期为提高区域旅游扶贫效果提供参考,并提出有针对性和可操作性的政策建议。[方法]利用武陵山片区县域的相关数据,基于数据包络分析方法建立了投入产出指标体系,利用LINGO编程测算了各个县域旅游扶贫效率和相对有效性,之后进行了投影分析,并提出了相应的建议。[结果]武陵山片区整体的旅游扶贫效率为0.550,处于中等水平;对于黔江区和务川仡佬族苗族自治县来说模型的最优解为1,这表明黔江区和务川县是DEA有效的,同时是技术有效和规模有效的,其他县域模型的最优解均小于1,为非DEA有效;相对于现有的产出指标水平, 2016年武陵山片区大部分县域旅游业的投入冗余额均小于0。[结论]武陵山片区县域的旅游扶贫发展不均衡,大部分县域旅游业处于投入过量阶段。应提高资源配置合理化程度,因地制宜开展旅游扶贫工作,加强旅游扶贫与市场需求间的有机联系,形成合理有效的旅游扶贫链,使旅游能够真正成为群众脱贫的利器。
This research aims to study and analyze the status quo of tourism poverty alleviation in Wuling Mountain Area and evaluate the effect of tourism poverty alleviation, so as to provide reference for improving regional tourism poverty alleviation effect, and put forward pertinent and operational policy recommendations. By using the relevant data of Wuling Mountain area, this research established the input-output index system based on the data envelopment analysis method, used LENGO programming to measure the poverty alleviation efficiency and relative effectiveness of each county, and then carried out projection analysis and proposed corresponding recommendations. The results showed that the overall tourism poverty alleviation efficiency in the Wuling Mountain area was 0.550, which was at a medium level; the optimal solutions for the Qianjiang and Wuchuan Miao Autonomous Counties were both 1, which were valid for DEA, and technology and scale were both effective. The best solutions for other counties in the model were all less than 1, which were effective for non-DEA. Compared with the existing output indicator level, the input of tourism in most counties in Wuling Mountain Area in 2016 was redundant. Both were less than 0. It is concluded that the development of poverty alleviation among the counties of Wuling Mountain is uneven and most of the counties tourism are in the phase of excessive investment. It is necessary to increase the rationalization of resource allocation, implement tourism poverty alleviation work according to local conditions, strengthen the organic links between tourism poverty alleviation and market demand, and form a rational and effective poverty alleviation chain for tourism, so that tourism can truly become a tool for people to get rid of poverty.
This research aims to study and analyze the status quo of tourism poverty alleviation in Wuling Mountain Area and evaluate the effect of tourism poverty alleviation, so as to provide reference for improving regional tourism poverty alleviation effect, and put forward pertinent and operational policy recommendations. By using the relevant data of Wuling Mountain area, this research established the input-output index system based on the data envelopment analysis method, used LENGO programming to measure the poverty alleviation efficiency and relative effectiveness of each county, and then carried out projection analysis and proposed corresponding recommendations. The results showed that the overall tourism poverty alleviation efficiency in the Wuling Mountain area was 0.550, which was at a medium level; the optimal solutions for the Qianjiang and Wuchuan Miao Autonomous Counties were both 1, which were valid for DEA, and technology and scale were both effective. The best solutions for other counties in the model were all less than 1, which were effective for non-DEA. Compared with the existing output indicator level, the input of tourism in most counties in Wuling Mountain Area in 2016 was redundant. Both were less than 0. It is concluded that the development of poverty alleviation among the counties of Wuling Mountain is uneven and most of the counties tourism are in the phase of excessive investment. It is necessary to increase the rationalization of resource allocation, implement tourism poverty alleviation work according to local conditions, strengthen the organic links between tourism poverty alleviation and market demand, and form a rational and effective poverty alleviation chain for tourism, so that tourism can truly become a tool for people to get rid of poverty.
引文
[1] 冯豪博.旅游扶贫送春风致富之花次第开——国家旅游局积极推动旅游扶贫工作.中国旅游报,(2018-03-02)[2018-05-02].http://travel.cctv.com/2018/03/02/ARTILJ0YU0Mgx71jLod05S52180302.shtml.
[2] 王慧.旅游扶贫背景下乡村旅游开发模式的研究.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(3):198-201.
[3] 李瑞,黄慧玲,刘竞.山岳旅游景区旅游扶贫模式探析——基于对伏牛山重渡沟景区田野调查的思考.地域研究与开发,2012,31(1):94-98.
[4] 肖建红,肖江南.基于微观经济效应的面向贫困人口旅游扶贫(PPT)模式研究——以宁夏六盘山旅游扶贫实验区为例.社会科学家,2014(1):76-80.
[5] 王茗,喻晔.生态农业旅游是我国西部地区旅游扶贫的最佳模式.农村经济,2009(10):84-85.
[6] 杨阿莉,把多勋.民族地区社区参与式旅游扶贫机制的构建——以甘肃省甘南藏族自治州为例.内蒙古社会科学(汉文版),2012,33(5):131-136.
[7] 辛纪元,曹务坤,勾清芸.贵州民族村寨旅游扶贫链接机制完善研究.贵州民族研究,2015,36(8):189-192.
[8] 李莉.基于贫困人口受益的旅游开发与旅游扶贫协同机制构建.商业经济研究,2015(19):103-104.
[9] 冯伟林,冉龙权.基于社区参与的西南民族地区旅游扶贫机制构建——以重庆武陵山片区为例.江苏农业科学,2017,45(16):304-307.
[10] 向延平.湘鄂渝黔边区旅游扶贫绩效评价感知调查研究——以德夯苗寨为例.资源开发与市场,2009,25(7):655-657.
[11] 邓小海,曾亮,罗明义,等.云南乌蒙山片区所属县旅游扶贫效应分析.生态经济(中文版),2015,31(2):134-138.
[12] 冯伟林,陶聪冲.西南民族地区旅游扶贫绩效评价研究——以重庆武陵山片区为调查对象.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(6):157-163.
[13] 杨柳.海南省乡村旅游扶贫绩效及实证研究.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(5):217-221.
[14] 刘绍吉.乌蒙山会泽片区旅游扶贫效应及提升研究.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(1):166-175.
[15] 陈艳红,唐业喜,龙明璐,等.张家界市旅游扶贫绩效评价.吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2018(3):82-86.
[16] 龙祖坤,杜倩文,周婷.武陵山区旅游扶贫效率的时间演进与空间分异.经济地理,2015,35(10):210-217.
[17] 罗盛锋,黄燕玲.滇桂黔石漠化生态旅游景区扶贫绩效评价.社会科学家,2015(9):97-101.
[2] 王慧.旅游扶贫背景下乡村旅游开发模式的研究.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(3):198-201.
[3] 李瑞,黄慧玲,刘竞.山岳旅游景区旅游扶贫模式探析——基于对伏牛山重渡沟景区田野调查的思考.地域研究与开发,2012,31(1):94-98.
[4] 肖建红,肖江南.基于微观经济效应的面向贫困人口旅游扶贫(PPT)模式研究——以宁夏六盘山旅游扶贫实验区为例.社会科学家,2014(1):76-80.
[5] 王茗,喻晔.生态农业旅游是我国西部地区旅游扶贫的最佳模式.农村经济,2009(10):84-85.
[6] 杨阿莉,把多勋.民族地区社区参与式旅游扶贫机制的构建——以甘肃省甘南藏族自治州为例.内蒙古社会科学(汉文版),2012,33(5):131-136.
[7] 辛纪元,曹务坤,勾清芸.贵州民族村寨旅游扶贫链接机制完善研究.贵州民族研究,2015,36(8):189-192.
[8] 李莉.基于贫困人口受益的旅游开发与旅游扶贫协同机制构建.商业经济研究,2015(19):103-104.
[9] 冯伟林,冉龙权.基于社区参与的西南民族地区旅游扶贫机制构建——以重庆武陵山片区为例.江苏农业科学,2017,45(16):304-307.
[10] 向延平.湘鄂渝黔边区旅游扶贫绩效评价感知调查研究——以德夯苗寨为例.资源开发与市场,2009,25(7):655-657.
[11] 邓小海,曾亮,罗明义,等.云南乌蒙山片区所属县旅游扶贫效应分析.生态经济(中文版),2015,31(2):134-138.
[12] 冯伟林,陶聪冲.西南民族地区旅游扶贫绩效评价研究——以重庆武陵山片区为调查对象.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(6):157-163.
[13] 杨柳.海南省乡村旅游扶贫绩效及实证研究.中国农业资源与区划,2017,38(5):217-221.
[14] 刘绍吉.乌蒙山会泽片区旅游扶贫效应及提升研究.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(1):166-175.
[15] 陈艳红,唐业喜,龙明璐,等.张家界市旅游扶贫绩效评价.吉首大学学报(自然科学版),2018(3):82-86.
[16] 龙祖坤,杜倩文,周婷.武陵山区旅游扶贫效率的时间演进与空间分异.经济地理,2015,35(10):210-217.
[17] 罗盛锋,黄燕玲.滇桂黔石漠化生态旅游景区扶贫绩效评价.社会科学家,2015(9):97-101.