基于地形梯度特征淇河流域生态系统服务价值损益
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摘要
生态系统服务对人类生活具有十分重大的影响,研究生态系统服务价值有助于了解生态系统服务功能变化过程。文章利用修正后的中国陆地单位面积生态系统服务价值量表,结合2000年、2015年两期土地利用/覆被数据估算淇河流域生态系统服务价值,从地形梯度上分析流域内2000—2015年生态系统服务价值变化,深入探讨地形起伏度上生态系统服务价值空间特征。结果表明:(1) 2000—2015年淇河流域内以林地、草地和耕地面积为主,研究时段内耕地减幅最大(29 671.64 hm~2),草地面积增幅最大(8 854.38 hm~2),未利用地单一动态度最高为632.14%;(2) 2000—2015年研究区生态系统服务价值减少0.14亿元,耕地ESV在200～400 m高程分级上减幅最大(4 464.64万元),坡度分级上>35°林地ESV减幅最明显(4 293万元),水域ESV在微起伏地区增益最多(5 940万元)、林地ESV在中起伏地区减少5 492万元和微起伏地区增益3 967万元;(3)单项生态系统服务价值在地形梯度上损益存在差异,增益最大为水源涵养、土壤形成与保护减损最明显;(4)各项生态系统服务功能对研究区生态系统服务总价值贡献等级保持稳定,依次排序为支持服务>调节服务>供给服务>文化服务;敏感性指数均小于1,表明生态系统服务价值对价值系数缺乏弹性,研究结果具有稳健性。
Ecosystem services have very significant impact on human life. Study of the value of ecosystem services is helpful to understand the changing process of ecosystem services. Based on the revised Chinese terrestrial ecosystem service value scale combined with the land use/cover data of the years of 2000 and 2015, was estimated ecosystem service value(ESV) of Qihe River basin, analyzed the basin ESV change from 2000 to 2015 according to the characteristics of terrain gradient, discussed space structure change of ecosystem service value with the variation of relief. The results show that:(1) from 2000 to 2015, the Qihe River Basin was dominated by woodland, grassland and cultivated land, with the largest decrease of cultivated land(29 671.64 hm~2), the largest increase of grassland area(8 854.38 hm~2), and the highest dynamic attitude of single unused land(632.14%);(2) ESV of the study area reduced by 0.14 billion in the period 2000—2015, the ESV of cultivated land in elevation 200～400 m classification declined significantly(44.646 4 million yuan), the ESV of water body in 400～600 m elevation increased greatly(23.548 8 million yuan), ESV of woodland with >35° slope declined significantly(42.93 million yuan), the most obvious ESV of cultivated land decreased by 37.2 million yuan in flat area, ESV of water body increased by 59.4 million yuan in micro-undulating area, ESV of woodland decreased by 54.92 million yuan in medium-undulating area, and gained 39.67 million yuan in micro-undulating area;(3) the value of individual ecosystem services is not consistent in the degree of increase or decrease in the topographic gradient, in which the largest increase in the value of ecosystem services results from water conservation, and the largest decrease contributes to soil formation and protection;(4) the value contribution level of each ecosystem service function to ecosystem service remains stable, the level decreases in the order: support service>regulation service>supply service> cultural service; the sensitivity indexes are all less than 1, indicating that the ecosystem service value is inelastic to the value coefficient, and the research results are robust.
Ecosystem services have very significant impact on human life. Study of the value of ecosystem services is helpful to understand the changing process of ecosystem services. Based on the revised Chinese terrestrial ecosystem service value scale combined with the land use/cover data of the years of 2000 and 2015, was estimated ecosystem service value(ESV) of Qihe River basin, analyzed the basin ESV change from 2000 to 2015 according to the characteristics of terrain gradient, discussed space structure change of ecosystem service value with the variation of relief. The results show that:(1) from 2000 to 2015, the Qihe River Basin was dominated by woodland, grassland and cultivated land, with the largest decrease of cultivated land(29 671.64 hm~2), the largest increase of grassland area(8 854.38 hm~2), and the highest dynamic attitude of single unused land(632.14%);(2) ESV of the study area reduced by 0.14 billion in the period 2000—2015, the ESV of cultivated land in elevation 200～400 m classification declined significantly(44.646 4 million yuan), the ESV of water body in 400～600 m elevation increased greatly(23.548 8 million yuan), ESV of woodland with >35° slope declined significantly(42.93 million yuan), the most obvious ESV of cultivated land decreased by 37.2 million yuan in flat area, ESV of water body increased by 59.4 million yuan in micro-undulating area, ESV of woodland decreased by 54.92 million yuan in medium-undulating area, and gained 39.67 million yuan in micro-undulating area;(3) the value of individual ecosystem services is not consistent in the degree of increase or decrease in the topographic gradient, in which the largest increase in the value of ecosystem services results from water conservation, and the largest decrease contributes to soil formation and protection;(4) the value contribution level of each ecosystem service function to ecosystem service remains stable, the level decreases in the order: support service>regulation service>supply service> cultural service; the sensitivity indexes are all less than 1, indicating that the ecosystem service value is inelastic to the value coefficient, and the research results are robust.
引文
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[5] 钱彩云,巩杰,张金茜,等.甘肃白龙江流域生态系统服务变化及权衡与协同关系[J].地理学报,2018,73(5):868-879.
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[16] 刘琼阁,彭道黎,施鹏程,等.三峡库区森林生态系统服务功能评估[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(11):62-66.
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[19] 文戴远,江万奇,黄万里,等.基于“三生空间”的土地利用功能转型及生态系统服务价值研究[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(12):2098-2109.
[20] 史慧慧,程久苗,费罗成,等.1990—2015年长三角城市群土地利用转型与生态系统服务功能变化[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(1):301-307.
[21] 徐煖银,郭泺,薛达元,等.赣南地区土地利用格局及生态系统服务价值的时空演变[J].生态学报,2019,39(10):1-10.
[22] 王晓峰,薛亚永,张园.基于地形梯度的陕西省生态系统服务价值评估[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(5):1432-1439.
[23] 幸瑞燊,周启刚,李辉,等.基于地形梯度的三峡库区万州区土地利用时空变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(2):297-304.
[24] 谢高地,张钇锂,鲁春霞,等.中国自然草地生态系统服务价值[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(1):47-53.
[25] 欧阳志云,王如松,赵景柱.生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评价[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(5):635-640.
[26] 欧阳志云,朱春全,杨广斌,等.生态系统生产总值核算:概念、核算方法与案例研究[J].生态学报,2013,33(21):6747-6761.
[27] 欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报,1998,19(5):607-613.
[28] 约日古丽卡斯木,杨胜天,孜比布拉·司马义.新疆艾比湖流域土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(2):260-269.
[29] 张静静,朱文博,赵芳,等.山地平原过渡带地形起伏特征及其对景观格局的影响:以太行山淇河流域为例[J].中国科学:地球科学,2018,48(4):476-486.
[30] 李云生,周广金,梁涛,等.巢湖流域的土地利用变化及其生态系统功能损益[J].地理研究,2009,28(6):1656-1664.
[31] 任涵,张静静,朱文博,等.太行山淇河流域土地利用变化对生境的影响[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(12):1693-1704.
[32] 宋敏敏,张青峰,吴发启,等.黄土沟壑区小流域景观格局演变及生态系统服务价值响应[J].生态学报,2018,38(8):2649-2659.
[2] 郑度,吴绍洪,尹云鹤,等.全球变化背景下中国自然地域系统研究前沿[J].地理学报,2016,71(9):1475-1483.
[3] 张振明,刘俊国.生态系统服务价值研究进展[J].环境科学学报,2001,31(9):1835-1842.
[4] 欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报,1998,19(5):607-613.
[5] 钱彩云,巩杰,张金茜,等.甘肃白龙江流域生态系统服务变化及权衡与协同关系[J].地理学报,2018,73(5):868-879.
[6] Yang G M,Li W H,Min Q W.Review of foreign opinion evaluation of ecosystem services[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(1):205-212.
[7] Kreuter U P,Harris H G,Matlock M D,et al.Change in ecosystem service values in the San Antonio area,Texas[J].Ecological Economics,2001,39(3):333-346.
[8] Sawut M,Eziz M,Tiyip T.The effects of land-use change on ecosystem service value of desert oasis:a case study in Ugan-Kuqa River Delta Oasis,China[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2013,93(1):99-108.
[9] 王世东,贾策.基于遥感的生态服务价值测算与土地利用动态变化[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(3):258-264.
[10] Costanza R,D′Arge R,De Groot R,et al.The value of the world′s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].World Environment,1997,387(6630):253-260.
[11] 谢高地,鲁春霞,冷允法,等.青藏高原生态资产的价值评估[J].自然资源学报,2003,18(2):189-196.
[12] 谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,等.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法[J].自然资源学报,2008,23(5):911-919.
[13] 谢高地,张彩霞,张雷明,等.基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进[J].自然资源学报,2015,30(8):1243-1254.
[14] 欧阳志云,朱春全,杨广斌,等.生态系统生产总值核算:概念、核算方法与案例研究[J].生态学报,2013,33(21):6747-6761.
[15] 张艳军,官冬杰,翟俊,等.重庆市生态系统服务功能价值时空变化研究[J].环境科学学报,2017,37(3):1167-1177.
[16] 刘琼阁,彭道黎,施鹏程,等.三峡库区森林生态系统服务功能评估[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(11):62-66.
[17] 赵同谦,欧阳志云,贾良清,等.中国草地生态系统服务功能间接价值评价[J].生态学报,2003,24(6):1101-1110.
[18] 刘金雅,汪东川,张利辉,等.基于多边界改进的京津冀城市群生态系统服务价值估算[J].生态学报,2018,38(12):4192-4204.
[19] 文戴远,江万奇,黄万里,等.基于“三生空间”的土地利用功能转型及生态系统服务价值研究[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(12):2098-2109.
[20] 史慧慧,程久苗,费罗成,等.1990—2015年长三角城市群土地利用转型与生态系统服务功能变化[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(1):301-307.
[21] 徐煖银,郭泺,薛达元,等.赣南地区土地利用格局及生态系统服务价值的时空演变[J].生态学报,2019,39(10):1-10.
[22] 王晓峰,薛亚永,张园.基于地形梯度的陕西省生态系统服务价值评估[J].冰川冻土,2016,38(5):1432-1439.
[23] 幸瑞燊,周启刚,李辉,等.基于地形梯度的三峡库区万州区土地利用时空变化分析[J].水土保持研究,2019,26(2):297-304.
[24] 谢高地,张钇锂,鲁春霞,等.中国自然草地生态系统服务价值[J].自然资源学报,2001,16(1):47-53.
[25] 欧阳志云,王如松,赵景柱.生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值评价[J].应用生态学报,1999,10(5):635-640.
[26] 欧阳志云,朱春全,杨广斌,等.生态系统生产总值核算:概念、核算方法与案例研究[J].生态学报,2013,33(21):6747-6761.
[27] 欧阳志云,王效科,苗鸿.中国陆地生态系统服务功能及其生态经济价值的初步研究[J].生态学报,1998,19(5):607-613.
[28] 约日古丽卡斯木,杨胜天,孜比布拉·司马义.新疆艾比湖流域土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(2):260-269.
[29] 张静静,朱文博,赵芳,等.山地平原过渡带地形起伏特征及其对景观格局的影响:以太行山淇河流域为例[J].中国科学:地球科学,2018,48(4):476-486.
[30] 李云生,周广金,梁涛,等.巢湖流域的土地利用变化及其生态系统功能损益[J].地理研究,2009,28(6):1656-1664.
[31] 任涵,张静静,朱文博,等.太行山淇河流域土地利用变化对生境的影响[J].地理科学进展,2018,37(12):1693-1704.
[32] 宋敏敏,张青峰,吴发启,等.黄土沟壑区小流域景观格局演变及生态系统服务价值响应[J].生态学报,2018,38(8):2649-2659.