环境邻避冲突中公众纠纷解决机制的发展与完善
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摘要
近年来我国环境邻避形势严峻,人民群众日益增长的对美好生态环境的需求、公众参与环境保护的意愿、维护自身权益的意识和当前纠纷解决机制不平衡不充分的矛盾突出。为了有效化解冲突,环境邻避纠纷解决机制先后经历了萌发期、探索期,并逐步进入多元化发展阶段。现阶段环境邻避纠纷非诉讼解决方式存在制度局限,诉讼解决方式在实际应用中面临诉讼积极性不高、立案难、举证难、审理难等问题。为此,结合环境邻避纠纷的特点,本文提出了环境邻避纠纷解决机制完善建议:一是预防为主,建立贯穿项目建设始终的公众参与法律制度体系,增强公众意见反馈的强制性;二是分类化解,建立和完善适应不同需求的纠纷解决程序,加强多元化纠纷解决机制的衔接。希望通过建立"预防为主,分类化解"的精细化纠纷解决机制来推动环境邻避冲突的有序解决。
In recent years, China's environmental NIMBY situation is grim. The contradictions between the increasing demands for a better ecological environment, the public's willingness to participate in environmental protection, the awareness of safeguarding their own rights and interests, and the imbalance of the current dispute resolution mechanism are prominent. In order to resolve conflicts effectively, the dispute resolution mechanism of environmental NIMBY conflicts has gone through germination, exploration and gradually entered the stage of diversification. This paper analyzes the system limitations of the non-litigation solution, and the difficulties of litigation solutions of environmental NIMBY disputes. Combining with the characteristics of NIMBY disputes, two suggestions are put forward for the improvement of dispute resolution mechanism: one is prevention first, establish the public participation institutional system throughout project construction, and strengthen the mandatory of public feedback; another one is classified resolution,improve the dispute resolution procedure that can adapt to different needs, strengthen the connection of diversified dispute resolution channels.It is hoped that the environmental NIMBY conflicts can be solved in an orderly way through the fine dispute resolution mechanism of "prevention first,classified resolution".
In recent years, China's environmental NIMBY situation is grim. The contradictions between the increasing demands for a better ecological environment, the public's willingness to participate in environmental protection, the awareness of safeguarding their own rights and interests, and the imbalance of the current dispute resolution mechanism are prominent. In order to resolve conflicts effectively, the dispute resolution mechanism of environmental NIMBY conflicts has gone through germination, exploration and gradually entered the stage of diversification. This paper analyzes the system limitations of the non-litigation solution, and the difficulties of litigation solutions of environmental NIMBY disputes. Combining with the characteristics of NIMBY disputes, two suggestions are put forward for the improvement of dispute resolution mechanism: one is prevention first, establish the public participation institutional system throughout project construction, and strengthen the mandatory of public feedback; another one is classified resolution,improve the dispute resolution procedure that can adapt to different needs, strengthen the connection of diversified dispute resolution channels.It is hoped that the environmental NIMBY conflicts can be solved in an orderly way through the fine dispute resolution mechanism of "prevention first,classified resolution".
引文
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[2]龚扬帆.预防性环境群体性纠纷的成因与解决途径浅论[J].绿色科技,2014(6):210-213.
[3]程凯.社会转型期的纠纷解决研究[D].广州:华南理工大学, 2013.
[4]张西恒.近年来国内环境纠纷多元化解机制研究述评[J].郑州大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 2018, 51(2):30-34.
[5]齐树洁.论我国环境纠纷解决机制之重构[J].法学论坛, 2006(9):26-30.
[6]李小敏,胡象明.邻避现象原因新析:风险认知与公众信任的视角[J].中国行政管理, 2015(3):131-135.
[7]陆益龙.环境纠纷、解决机制及居民行动策略的法社会学分析[J].学海,2013(5):79-87.
[8]邓可祝.邻避设施选址立法问题研究——以邻避冲突的预防与解决为视角[J].法治研究, 2014(7):39-48.
[9]郑卫.邻避设施规划之困境——上海磁悬浮事件的个案分析[J].城市规划,2011, 35(2):74-81, 86-86.
[10]龙飞.多元化纠纷解决机制立法的定位与路径思考——以四个地方条例的比较为视角[J].华东政法大学学报, 2018, 21(3):107-116.
[11]四东江.破解“邻避效应”实为社会治理改革[J].人民之声, 2016(12):6-6.
[12]张文龙.中国式邻避困局的解决之道:基于法律供给侧视角[J].法律科学(西北政法大学学报), 2017, 35(2):20-33.
[13]王冰,韩金成.公共价值视阈下的中国邻避问题研究——一个整合性理论框架[J].中国行政管理, 2017(12):74-78.