南沙海区万安盆地中新世碳酸盐台地的地震响应与沉积特征
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摘要
利用反射地震并结合部分钻井资料,通过对万安盆地大量地震资料的详细解释,对研究区内碳酸盐台地进行地震识别,进而探讨台地的沉积特征与时空分布.万安盆地碳酸盐台地最初发育于早中新世,并于中中新世时达顶盛时期,呈南北向展布,主要分布在盆地中部走滑断块构造高部位及盆地南部边缘.东西两带台地具有不同的构造沉积背景,西带为被断层复杂化的东倾斜坡,离物源较近,为碳酸盐岩与碎屑岩互层沉积;东带濒临南海海盆,离物源较远,碳酸盐岩厚度大、岩性较纯.层序地层分析表明,万安盆地碳酸盐台地主要发育于海侵体系域和高水位体系域.单个台地沉积相在平面上呈圈层结构展布,相带窄但较规则,可能包括:台内相、台缘相、前缘斜坡相(缓坡与陡坡)和盆底相,但只在台地东侧发育盆底相,这与盆地东侧靠近南海海盆的地质环境有关.
Based on a large quantity of seismic data interpretation and some drilling data in Wan'an basin,the Miocene Wan'an carbonate platforms are identified from seismic reflection profiles and their sedimentary characteristics as well as spatial and temporal distributions are documented in detail.The Wan'an carbonate platforms developed initially during the Early Miocene and reached its prosperous period during the Middle Miocene,showing north-south orientation,and mainly occurring on the hanging wall of the strike-slip fault block in the centre of the basin and the southern basin margin.The Miocene Wan'an carbonate platform can be divided into the east band and the west band according to two different sedimentary tectonic forming backgrounds,where the west side is the slope dipping towards the east fractured by faults and approaches land-source areas resulting in alternating clastic and carbonate rocks,while the east side is close to the South China Sea basin and far from terrigenous areas showing thick and pure carbonate rocks.The sequence stratigraphic analyses show that the Wan'an carbonate platform exists mainly in transgressive and highstand system tracts.The sedimentary facies of single carbonate platform show ring construction in the plane view,and they are relatively narrow but regular,which may be divided into inner platform facies,fringing platform facies,foreslope facies(ramp and steep slope) and basin floor facies.However,the basin floor facies are found only in the eastern side of carbonate platform which may be related to the geological settings near the South China Sea.
Based on a large quantity of seismic data interpretation and some drilling data in Wan'an basin,the Miocene Wan'an carbonate platforms are identified from seismic reflection profiles and their sedimentary characteristics as well as spatial and temporal distributions are documented in detail.The Wan'an carbonate platforms developed initially during the Early Miocene and reached its prosperous period during the Middle Miocene,showing north-south orientation,and mainly occurring on the hanging wall of the strike-slip fault block in the centre of the basin and the southern basin margin.The Miocene Wan'an carbonate platform can be divided into the east band and the west band according to two different sedimentary tectonic forming backgrounds,where the west side is the slope dipping towards the east fractured by faults and approaches land-source areas resulting in alternating clastic and carbonate rocks,while the east side is close to the South China Sea basin and far from terrigenous areas showing thick and pure carbonate rocks.The sequence stratigraphic analyses show that the Wan'an carbonate platform exists mainly in transgressive and highstand system tracts.The sedimentary facies of single carbonate platform show ring construction in the plane view,and they are relatively narrow but regular,which may be divided into inner platform facies,fringing platform facies,foreslope facies(ramp and steep slope) and basin floor facies.However,the basin floor facies are found only in the eastern side of carbonate platform which may be related to the geological settings near the South China Sea.
引文
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Haq,B.U.,Hardenbol,J.,Vail,P.R.,1987.Chronology of fluctuating sea-levels since the Triassic.Science,235(4793):1156-1167.doi:10.1126/science.235.4793.1156
Kusumastuti,A.,Van Rensbergen,P.,Warren,J.K.,2002.Seismicsequence analysis and reservoir potential of drowned Miocenecarbonate platforms in the Madura Strait,East Java,Indonesia.AAPG Bulletin,86(2):213-232.doi:10.1306/61EEDA94-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D
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Ma,Y.B.,Wu,S.G.,Zhang,G.C.,et al.,2009.Geophysicalcharacteristics of biohermal carbonate in the northernmargin deep water area of South China Sea.Journal ofChina University of Petroleum,33(4):33-39(inChinese with English abstract).
May,J.A.,Eyles,D.R.,1985.Well log and seismic character of Tertiary Terumbu carbonate,South China Sea,Indonesia.AAPG Bulletin,69(9):1339―1358.doi:10.1306/AD462C5E-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Qiu,Y.,2000.The interpretation of carbonate sequence stratigraphy in the southwestern region of South ChinaSea.Geological Research of South China Sea(Memoir8),8:62―74(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qiu,Y.,Wang,Y.M.,2001.Reefs and paleostructure andpaleoenvironment in the South China Sea.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,21(1):65-73(in Chinese with English abstract).
Rudolph,K.W.,Lehmann,P.J.,1989.Platform evolutionand sequence stratigraphy of the Natuna platform,South China Sea.SEPM Special Publications,44:354-361.doi:10.2110/pec.89.44.0353
Sharaf,E.,Simo,J.A.,Carroll,A.R.,et al.,2005.Stratigraphic evolution of Oligocene-Miocene carbonates andsiliciclastics,East Java basin,Indonesia.AAPG Bulletin,89(6):799-819.doi:10.1306/01040504054
Wilson,M.E.J.,2002.Cenozoic carbonates in SoutheastAsia:implications for equatorial carbonate development.Sedimentary Geology,147(3-4):295―428.doi:10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00228-7
Wilson,M.E.J.,2008.Global and regional influences onequatorial shallow-marine carbonates during the Cenozoic.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,265(3-4):262―274.doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.05.012
Wu,S.G.,Yuan,S.Q.,Zhang,G.C.,et al.,2009.Seismiccharacterisitics of a reef carbonate reservoir and implications for hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater of theQiongdongnan basin,northern South China Sea.Marineand Petroleum Geology,26(6):817―823.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.04.008
Yang,M.Z.,Wang,M.J.,Liang,J.Q.,et al.,2003.Tectonic subsidence and its control on hydrocarbon resourcesin the Wanan basin in the South China Sea.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,23(2):85-88(inChinese with English abstract).
关士聪,演怀玉,丘东洲,等,1980.中国晚元古代至三叠纪海域沉积环境模式探讨.石油与天然气地质,1(1):2-17.
马玉波,吴时国,张功成,等,2009.南海北部陆缘深水区礁相碳酸盐岩的地球物理特征.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),33(4):33―39.
邱燕,2000.南海西南部主要盆地碳酸盐岩层序地层学解释.南海地质研究,8:62-74.
邱燕,王英民,2001.南海第三纪生物礁分布与古构造和古环境.海洋地质与第四纪地质,21(1):65-73.
杨木壮,王明君,梁金强,等,2003.南海万安盆地构造沉降及其油气成藏控制作用.海洋地质与第四纪地质,23(2):85-88.
Erlich,R.N.,Barrett,S.F.,Ju,G.B.,1990.Seismic and geologic characteristics of drowning events on carbonate platforms.AAPG Bulletin,74(10):1523-1537.doi:10.1306/0C9B250B-1710-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Fyhn,M.B.W.,Nielsen,L.H.,Boldreel,L.O.,et al.,2009.Geological evolution,regional perspectives and hydrocarbonpotential of the Northwest Phu Khanh basin,offshore central Vietnam.Marine and Petroleum Geology,26(1):124.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2007.07.014
Guan,S.C.,Yan,H.Y.,Qiu,D.Z.,et al.,1980.Investigationson the marine sedimentary environmental model of China inLate Proterozoic to Triassic periods.Oil&Gas Geology,1(1):2-17(in Chinese with English abstract).
Haq,B.U.,Hardenbol,J.,Vail,P.R.,1987.Chronology of fluctuating sea-levels since the Triassic.Science,235(4793):1156-1167.doi:10.1126/science.235.4793.1156
Kusumastuti,A.,Van Rensbergen,P.,Warren,J.K.,2002.Seismicsequence analysis and reservoir potential of drowned Miocenecarbonate platforms in the Madura Strait,East Java,Indonesia.AAPG Bulletin,86(2):213-232.doi:10.1306/61EEDA94-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Lee,G.H.,Lee,K.,Watkins,J.S.,2000.Geologic evolutionof the Cuu Long and Nam Con Son basins,offshoresouthern Vietnam,South China Sea.AAPG Bulletin,85(6):1055-1082.doi:10.1306/8626CA69-173B11D7-8645000102C1865D
Ma,Y.B.,Wu,S.G.,Zhang,G.C.,et al.,2009.Geophysicalcharacteristics of biohermal carbonate in the northernmargin deep water area of South China Sea.Journal ofChina University of Petroleum,33(4):33-39(inChinese with English abstract).
May,J.A.,Eyles,D.R.,1985.Well log and seismic character of Tertiary Terumbu carbonate,South China Sea,Indonesia.AAPG Bulletin,69(9):1339―1358.doi:10.1306/AD462C5E-16F7-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Qiu,Y.,2000.The interpretation of carbonate sequence stratigraphy in the southwestern region of South ChinaSea.Geological Research of South China Sea(Memoir8),8:62―74(in Chinese with English abstract).
Qiu,Y.,Wang,Y.M.,2001.Reefs and paleostructure andpaleoenvironment in the South China Sea.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,21(1):65-73(in Chinese with English abstract).
Rudolph,K.W.,Lehmann,P.J.,1989.Platform evolutionand sequence stratigraphy of the Natuna platform,South China Sea.SEPM Special Publications,44:354-361.doi:10.2110/pec.89.44.0353
Sharaf,E.,Simo,J.A.,Carroll,A.R.,et al.,2005.Stratigraphic evolution of Oligocene-Miocene carbonates andsiliciclastics,East Java basin,Indonesia.AAPG Bulletin,89(6):799-819.doi:10.1306/01040504054
Wilson,M.E.J.,2002.Cenozoic carbonates in SoutheastAsia:implications for equatorial carbonate development.Sedimentary Geology,147(3-4):295―428.doi:10.1016/S0037-0738(01)00228-7
Wilson,M.E.J.,2008.Global and regional influences onequatorial shallow-marine carbonates during the Cenozoic.Palaeogeography,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology,265(3-4):262―274.doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.05.012
Wu,S.G.,Yuan,S.Q.,Zhang,G.C.,et al.,2009.Seismiccharacterisitics of a reef carbonate reservoir and implications for hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater of theQiongdongnan basin,northern South China Sea.Marineand Petroleum Geology,26(6):817―823.doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2008.04.008
Yang,M.Z.,Wang,M.J.,Liang,J.Q.,et al.,2003.Tectonic subsidence and its control on hydrocarbon resourcesin the Wanan basin in the South China Sea.Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology,23(2):85-88(inChinese with English abstract).
关士聪,演怀玉,丘东洲,等,1980.中国晚元古代至三叠纪海域沉积环境模式探讨.石油与天然气地质,1(1):2-17.
马玉波,吴时国,张功成,等,2009.南海北部陆缘深水区礁相碳酸盐岩的地球物理特征.中国石油大学学报(自然科学版),33(4):33―39.
邱燕,2000.南海西南部主要盆地碳酸盐岩层序地层学解释.南海地质研究,8:62-74.
邱燕,王英民,2001.南海第三纪生物礁分布与古构造和古环境.海洋地质与第四纪地质,21(1):65-73.
杨木壮,王明君,梁金强,等,2003.南海万安盆地构造沉降及其油气成藏控制作用.海洋地质与第四纪地质,23(2):85-88.
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