在“碳中和文献”中，命中：9条，耗时：小于0.01 秒
机构：西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院; 关键词：气候特征;;物候期;;作物产量;;影响因素 摘要：利用1991—2014年甘肃省河西走廊5市的气温、降水数据及农作物物候期和产量资料,运用线性趋势估计法、5 a滑动平移法、灰色关联度分析法和皮尔逊相关系数法分析了河西走廊24年来的气候变化特征、农作物物候和产量的变化特征及二者之间的联系。结果表明:(1)河西走廊近24年来春季变暖变干,气温气候倾向率为0.69℃/10 a、降水为6.63 mm/10a,夏秋季节变暖变湿,气温气候倾向率为0.49℃/10 a、降水为16.83 mm/10 a,全年表现为显著变暖,降水量增加,气温气候倾向率为0.43℃/10 a、降水为59.28 mm/10 a;(2)春小麦播种期呈略微提前趋势,玉米播种期呈推后趋势,春小麦和玉米的出苗期、生长季呈缩短趋势,成熟期呈提前趋势。春小麦和玉米播种期、出苗期、成熟期、生长季与气温呈负相关,播种期与降水量呈二次曲线关系,出苗期与降水量呈负相关,成熟期、生长季与降水量呈正相关;(3)河西走廊年小麦产量总体呈显著下降趋势,嘉峪关、金昌、武威、张掖和酒泉每10年分别减少0.5×10~4 t、0.24×10~4 t、10.94×10~4 t、10.72×10~4 t和13.85×10~4 t;年玉米产量酒泉呈略微减少趋势,每10年减少0.89×10~4 t,嘉峪关、金昌、武威和张掖总体呈增加趋势,每10年分别增加0.11×10~4 t、5.22×10~4 t、24.74×10~4 t和17.27×10~4 t;河西走廊的小麦相对气象产量正负变化比较频繁,玉米相对气象产量负值变化比较明显;嘉峪关、张掖、武威小麦产量和酒泉、金昌玉米产量受气温影响略大,关联系数分别为0.694 8、0.724 6、0.748 6和0.734 4、0.683 6,酒泉、金昌小麦产量和嘉峪关、张掖、武威玉米产量受降水量影响较大,关联系数分别为0.784 9、0.739 1和0.653 7、0.645 2、0.734 6;(4)社会经济因素对农作物的影响逐渐变大,国家政策的大力实施、农业科学技术的发展和推广以及河西走廊人民的种植意愿对农作物产生了很大的影响。该研究对农业应对气候变化,合理利用气候资源,推广生长季较短的新品种作物,提高农作物的生产潜力具有较大的意义。 年：2017 出版单位：生态环境学报
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机构：西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院;中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室; 关键词：潜在植被;;敏感性;;综合顺序分类系统(CSCS);;情景 摘要：潜在植被作为当前气候条件、无人类干扰下,所能发育演替形成的最稳定、最成熟的一种顶极植被类型,能够反映立地植被发展的趋势。潜在植被的研究有助于人类了解植被与气候系统的作用机制,可为区域植被恢复工程和生态建设提供参考依据。基于综合顺序分类系统,利用A1B、A2及B1情景下2070—2099年气象数据对中国潜在植被进行了模拟,在不同气候变化情景下分析了未来中国潜在植被的空间分布和潜在植被对不同气候变化的敏感性。结果表明:(1)不同气候变化背景下中国潜在植被分布的规律具有相似性,但潜在植被类在总数和各情景下分布的面积存在差异性;(2)比较发现,中国的气候条件在20世纪和21世纪均不适宜炎热极干热带荒漠类(ⅦA)的发育;(3)中国潜在植被在3种气候变化情景下表现为敏感性的区域占到国土总面积的64.10%,在西北地区、北方地区、南方地区及青藏地区不同自然区敏感性地区所占各区的比例不同,分别为68.20%、70.82%、49.94%及66.59%。 年：2016 出版单位：生态学报
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机构：中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室;西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院; 关键词：西北地区;;降水量;;湿润指数;;极端干旱;;时空特征 摘要：采用1960—2011年西北地区111个观测站逐日气象资料,利用FAO Penman-Monteith模型,计算出各气象站的潜在蒸散量,由此计算出各站的湿润指数,并对其进行标准化,统计极端干旱发生频率。对西北全区和不同自然区的降水量及极端干旱发生频率的时空变化特征进行了探讨分析。结果表明:近52年来西北全区年降水量变化倾向率表现出微弱的上升趋势,平均每年上升0.17 mm。由该区年降水量变化的空间差异,可将研究区划分为3个部分:明显增加区、轻度增加区、减少区。西北全区极端干旱发生频率的平均值为3.8月/a,气候变化倾向率总体上表现出明显的下降趋势,平均每年下降0.011月。根据西北地区极端干旱发生频率变化的空间差异,也可将研究区划分为3个部分:明显减少区、轻度减少区、增加区。极端干旱发生频率与降水量和平均气温表现为显著的负相关性,与无雨总日数呈现出显著的正相关性。 年：2015 出版单位：生态学报
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机构：College of Geography and Environment Sciences, Northwest Normal University; 摘要：Based on the daily data of temperature and precipitation of 108 meteorological stations in Southwest China from 1960 to 2009, we calculate the monthly and yearly surface humid indexes, as well as the extreme drought frequency. According to the data, the temporal and spatial characteristics of the extreme drought frequency in inter-annual, inter-decadal, summer monsoon period and winter monsoon period are analyzed. The results are indicated as follows. (1) In general, the southwestern Sichuan Basin, southern Hengduan Mountains, southern coast of Guangxi and northern Guizhou are the areas where the extreme drought frequency has significantly increased in the past 50 years. As for the decadal change, from the 1960s to the 1980s the extreme drought frequency has presented a decreasing trend, while the 1990s is the wettest decade and the whole area is turning wet. In the 2000s, the extreme drought frequency rises quickly, but the regional differences reduce. (2) During summer monsoon period, the extreme drought frequency is growing, which generally occurs in the high mountains around the Sichuan Basin, most parts of Guangxi and "the broom-shaped mountains" in Yunnan. It is distinct that the altitude has impacts on the ex-treme drought frequency; during winter monsoon period, the area is relatively wet and the extreme drought frequency is decreasing. (3) During summer monsoon period, the abrupt change is observed in 2003, whereas the abrupt change during winter monsoon period is in 1989. The annual extreme drought frequency variation is a superposition of abrupt changes during summer monsoon and winter monsoon periods. The departure sequence vibration of annual extreme drought frequency is quasi-5 years and quasi-12 years. 年：2013 出版单位：Journal of Geographical Sciences
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机构：西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院;中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所; 关键词：气候变化;;径流;;冰川融水;;乌鲁木齐河源区 摘要：基于天山乌鲁木齐河源区1959-2009年的径流与气象记录,采用线性回归、M-K突变检验法和水量平衡模型分析了河源区气候、冰川及融水量的变化特征。研究发现:河源区冰川径流量与冰川物质平衡成负相关关系,过去51a间河源1号冰川融水径流共增加157.48×104m3,冰川融水径流量增加主要是由冰川退缩和降水量增加造成的。自20世纪90年代以后,冰川融水径流量增加显著,但整个河源区径流量却在减少,与气温升高导致蒸散能力增强、地下冰结构变化及冰川融水补给能力下降等有关。 年：2012 出版单位：干旱区资源与环境
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机构：College of Geography and Environment Sciences, Northwest Normal University;State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences/Tianshan Glaciological Station, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, CAS; 摘要：Based on the glacier area variation records in the typical regions of China moni-tored by remote sensing, as well as the meteorological data of air temperature and precipitation from 139 stations and the 0℃ isotherm height from 28 stations, the glacier area shrinkage in China and its climatic background in the past half century was discussed. The initial glacier area calculated in this study was 23,982 km2 in the 1960s/1970s, but the present area was only 21,893 km2 in the 2000s. The area-weighted shrinking rate of glacier was 10.1%, and the interpolated annual percentage of area changes (APAC) of glacier was 0.3% a-1 since 1960. The high APAC was found at the Ili River Basin and the Junggar Interior Basin around the Tianshan Mountains, the Ob River Basin around the Altay Mountains, the Hexi Interior Basin around the Qilian Mountains, etc. The retreat of glacier was affected by the climatic background, and the influence on glacier of the slight-increased precipitation was counteracted by the significant warming in summer. 年：2012 出版单位：Journal of Geographical Sciences
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机构：西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院; 关键词：西南地区;;极端干旱;;季风期;;非季风期;;时空特征 摘要：利用中国气象局整编的1960-2009年西南地区108站逐日气温、降水等资料,计算年、月地表湿润指数,并进行标准化,统计极端干旱发生频率,对年际、年代际、季风期和非季风期的极端干旱变化特征进行分析,得出结论:(1)整体上,四川盆地西南部、横断山区南端、广西南部沿海和贵州北部是近50年来年极端干旱发生频率明显增加的地区;年代际变化上,20世纪60-80年代极端干旱呈逐渐减少趋势,高发区交替出现在东南—西北—东,90年代下降明显,整个地区都转湿,进入21世纪后,极端干旱距平呈现正距平,且增幅较大,区域间差异却显著减小。(2)季风期与非季风期的极端干旱变化有很大差异,季风期极端干旱频率在不断增加,多发生在四川盆地周边海拔较高的山区、广西大部和"帚形山脉"地带,海拔对季风期极端干旱发生频率有一定影响;非季风期缓慢下降,整体偏湿。(3)通过滑动t检验和小波分析发现,季风期西南极端干旱在2003年发生突变,非季风期在1989年突变,年极端干旱发生频率是季风期和非季风期的突变叠加的结果;年极端干旱存在准5年和准12年的周期变化。 年：2011 出版单位：地理学报
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机构：西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院;中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室天山冰川站; 关键词：气候变化;;冰川;;气温;;降水量;;0℃层高度 摘要：根据近年来中国典型区域冰川面积变化遥感监测数据,结合139个地面站的气温、降水量与28个探空站的0℃层高度气象资料,分析了近50年气候变化背景下中国冰川面积状况。结果表明,研究区冰川面积从20世纪60-70年代的23982km2减小到21世纪初的21893km2,根据冰川分布进行加权计算后冰川面积退缩了10.1%,对时间插补后得到1960年以来的冰川面积年均变化率为0.3%a-1。就冰川面积变化的空间分布特征而言,天山的伊犁河流域、准噶尔内流水系、阿尔泰山的鄂毕河流域、祁连山的河西内流水系等都是冰川退缩程度较高的区域。近50年中国冰川区夏季地面气温与大气0℃层高度均呈上升趋势,而降水量的增幅却相对轻微,增长的降水量不足以抵消升温对冰川的影响,气候变暖是影响冰川面积变化的主要因素。 年：2011 出版单位：地理学报
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机构：College of Geography and Environment Sciences,Northwest Normal University;State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences /Tianshan Glaciological Station,Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute,CAS; 摘要：Based on the statistics of glacier area variation measured in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains since 1960,the response of glacier area variation to climate change is discussed systematically.As a result,the total area of the glaciers has been reduced by 11.5% in the past 50 years,which is a weighted percentage according to the glacier area variations of 10 drainage basins separated by the Glacier Inventory of China (GIC).The annual percentage of area changes (APAC) of glaciers in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains is 0.31% after the standardization of the study period.The APAC varies widely for different drainage basins,but the glaciers are in a state of rapid retreat,generally.According to the 14 meteorological sta-tions in the Chinese Tianshan Mountains,both the temperature and precipitation display a marked increasing tendency from 1960 to 2009 at a rate of 0.34℃·(10a)-1 and 11 mm·(10a) -1,respectively.The temperature in the dry seasons (from November to March) increases rapidly at a rate of 0.46℃·(10a)-1,but the precipitation grows slowly at 2.3 mm·(10a)-1.While the temperature in the wet seasons (from April to October) grows at a rate of 0.25℃·(10a)-1,but the precipitation increases at 8.7 mm·(10a)-1.The annual and seasonal climatic trends ac-celerate the retreat of glaciers. 年：2011 出版单位：Journal of Geographical Sciences
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